Abstract.Observations of solar and planetary orbits, rotations, and diameters show that these attributes are related by simple ratios. The forces of gravity and magnetism and the principles of energy conservation, entropy, power laws, and the log-normal distribution which are evident are discussed in relation to planetary distribution with respect to time in the solar system. This discussion is informed by consideration of the periodicities of interactions, as well as the regularity and periodicity of fluctuations in proxy records which indicate solar variation. It is demonstrated that a simple model based on planetary interaction frequencies can well replicate the timing and general shape of solar variation over the period of the sunspot record. Finally, an explanation is offered for the high degree of stable organisation and correlation with cyclic solar variability observed in the solar system. The interaction of the forces of gravity and magnetism along with the thermodynamic principles acting on planets may be analogous to those generating the internal dynamics of the Sun. This possibility could help account for the existence of strong correlations between orbital dynamics and solar variation for which a sufficiently powerful physical mechanism has yet to be fully demonstrated.

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In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in planetary beat, it is demonstrated that the forcing function originates from gravitational and inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites. This conclusion is shared by nineteen co-authors.

Abstract.A correlation is found between changes in Earth's length of day [LOD] and the spatio-temporal disposition of the planetary masses in the solar system, characterised by the z axis displacement of the centre of mass of the solar system [CMSS] with respect to the solar equatorial plane smoothed over a bi-decadal period. To test whether this apparent relation is coincidental, other planetary axial rotation rates and orbital periods are compared, and spin-orbit relations are found. Earth's axial angular momentum moment of inertia, and internal dynamics are considered in relation to the temporal displacement between the potential stimulus and the terrestrial response. The differential rotation rate of the Sun is considered in relation to the rotational and orbital periods of the Earth-Moon system and Venus and Mercury, and harmonic ratios are found. These suggest a physical coupling between the bodies of an as yet undetermined nature. Additional evidence for a resonant coupling is found in the relation of total solar irradiance (TSI) and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) measurements to the resonant harmonic periods discovered.