Articles you may be interested inExchange coupling between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers via Ru and application for a linear magnetic field sensor J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H703 (2006); 10.1063/1.2162507 Oscillator strengths for transitions involving excited states not lowest of their symmetry: Carbon I and fluorine II transitions J. Chem. Phys. 64, 4680 (1976); 10.1063/1.432052Oscillator strengths for transitions involving excited states not lowest of their symmetry oxygen I and oxygen II transitions Temperature dependence measurements of the decay times of the observed charge-transfer luminescence of three ruthenium (II) complexes indicate a manifold of decaying excited levels in thermal equilibrium. Relative energies and decay constants for each level have been derived from the data for the tris(2, 2' -bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and tris( 4, 4' -diphenyl-2, 2' -bipyridine)ruthenium(II) cations and for cis-dicyanobis(2, 2' ,bipyridine) ruthenium(II). An electronic coupling model has been proposed that satisfactorily rationalizes the experimental results and allows the levels to be symmetry labeled.

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Umbra is a new Sandia-developed modeling and simulation framework. The Umbra framework allows users to quickly build models and simulations for intelligent system development, analysis, experimentation, and control and supports tradeoff analyses of complex robotic systems, device, and component concepts. Umbra links together heterogeneous collections of modeling tools. The models in Umbra include 3D geometry and physics models of robots, devices and their environments. Model components can be built with varying levels of fidelity and readily switched to allow models built with low fidelity for conceptual analysis to be gradually converted to high fidelity models for later phase detailed analysis. Within control environments, the models can be readily replaced with actual control elements. This paper describes Umbra at a functional level and describes issues that Sandia uses Umbra to address. 4Background Robotic, or more inclusively, intelligent machine (IM) system technologies are growing in capability and the degree and scope with which they can be integrated. Whereas factories once used robots in cells of integration, modern factories themselves have begun to exhibit characteristics of integrated, distributed, multi-user IM systems. Likewise, new military concepts are emphasizing network-centric warfare with distributed sensing, computer-assisted decision making and automated response over earlier concepts that use discrete robots within military systems. Such new military systems will themselves behave like integrated, distributed, multi-user IM systems. The world is moving from systems with robots to systems that are robotic.