1.G. pallidipesalmost invariably attacks man on the leg from the knee downwards.2.G. brevipalpismay attack man anywhere and not infrequently on the head.3. Both species fill themselves readily with human blood once an attack has been made.4. Neither sex of either species attacks man unless very hungry, as indicated by the very low mean fat content in the captures.5.G. brevipalpisis apparently more reluctant even thanpallidipesto attack man, and the fat contents in flies caught on man are proportionally lower than in the case ofpallidipes.

In the course of studies of the behaviour of the tsetse-fly,Glossina morsitans, certain facts of considerable interest concerning its phototropic reactions have been established.

In Southern Rhodesia conditions are better than in most other parts of Africa for gathering information concerning the distribution of tsetse in the past, and perhaps even in the present. This is due to a combination of two factors, namely, that only one species of tsetse, Glossina morsitans, is found within our borders, and that the territory, in comparison with the Central African States, contains and has contained a relatively large European population. The first factor eliminates the possibility of confusion of species in connexion with the evidence forthcoming, at least in the case of those able to distinguish tsetse from other species of bloodsucking flies, whilst the second provides a more reliable source of information than the native.In the course of the past five years, native commissioners, officers of the police, and other residents especially familiar with certain districts of the territory, have been laid under contribution for information concerning the former limits of the fly-infested areas, and in this way many valuable facts have come to light. These combined with what we have learned from the early hunters and explorers, and the knowledge gained of the present limits of the fly, obtained from all available sources and from personal observation, form a history, incomplete indeed, but still of some interest, which may be of value as a contribution to the sum of knowledge concerning this insect.The most important bearing of these facts appears to be on the question of the necessity or otherwise of big game to the well-being of the fly, and the following article aims at an examination of this question in the light of the information at our disposal in this part of the insect's range. It may be stated at once that the case built up is considered strongly in favour of a vital association between the prevalence of big game and the continuance and increase of the fly.First of all, some remarks are necessary concerning the most direct method of collecting evidence as to the association between tsetse and big game, namely, observations on the prevalence or otherwise of big game in areas infested with fly. During the last four and a-half years the writer has visited the great majority of the fly-belts in the territory, and the main belts repeatedly, and, broadly expressed, the results of observations on game and fly are to the effect that in most cases game is more or less abundant all the year round in fly-infested country, and that in no instance is the larger animal life altogether absent, even during a portion of the year. The most noteworthy locality where fly occurs in abundance and big game is scarce towards the end of the dry season is below the escarpment in the Lomagundi district, in the triangle formed by the Hanyani and the Ambi Rivers with the Rukowakuona Mountains (the escparment). The Dande and Ambi rivers and their tributary streams contain no surface water in October and November, the few natives living on the Dande obtaining water at this period by digging holes in the bed of the river....

The first puparium of Glossina morsitans found in nature, as mentioned in Mr. E. E. Austen's recently published “Handbook of the Tsetse-Flies,” was taken in November, 1910, from the collection of mould and humus between the roots of a large tree (Ficus sp.) near the Gorai river below the Escarpment in the Lomagundi District, Southern Rhodesia. The tree is situated about 60 to 70 yards from the actual bank of the river, as it runs at present. It is in reality growing on what was the old bank of the river, which is changing its bed gradually owing to the soft nature of the ground through which it flows. At the time of the visit “fly” was abundant in the shade of the trees bordering the river, the sandy bed of which then contained no water on the surface, the nearest open water being twelve to fifteen miles away in the Hunyani river. It was thought at the time that this was the only pupa-case secured, and a search all along the river bank produced no others. A number of empty pupa-cases of other Diptera and Lepidoptera were, however, placed in a corked phial and labelled, and on going over these later in the laboratory, the anal end of a second tsetse pupa-case was found amongst them, showing the characteristic protuberances. This spot was again visited in April, 1911, and under the same tree five more empty puparia were found, but, as before, the most diligent search elsewhere failed to produce any more. A photograph of the tree taken in November is reproduced (Pl. XVII, fig. 2).

The history of tsetse-fly in Southern Rhodesia up to the present year (1918) continues on the whole to be one of expansion, although on the other hand one small, but important, belt appears to have become extinct. In addition, a fly area in the Moçambique Company's territory has extended up to our eastern border, with the result that serious losses of cattle from trypanosomiasis have occurred on the farms in that region. Detailed reports on the advance or retrogression of Glossina morsitans in other parts of Africa appear to be lacking, and it is felt that in view of the position of this territory in relation to tsetse-fly a review of the situation to the present day may not be without general interest.