both r e l a t e d t o t h e authors' research i n t o e l ectrmyographic (EMG) signal s. The f i r s t concerns t h e decomposition o f surface (transcutaneous) EMG i n t o i t s inaccessible motor u n i t a c t i o n p o t e n t i a l s (MUAP) f o r t h e purpose o f determining t h e sequence o f s i n g l e ( o r groups) o f MUAP which form the corresponding surface EMG signal. I f extended t o EMG surface-electrode arrays, t h i s should also y i e l d information on l o c a t i o n s o f motor u n i t s (MU) r e l a t i v e t o electrode l o c a t i o n i n t h e array. This a p p l i c a t i o n i s o f importance b o t h as a non-invasive d i a g n o s t i c t o o l , t o y i e l d i n f o r m a t i o n on s i n g l e o r group MU i n n e r v a t i o n during normal-o r t e s t -a c t i v i t y o f a p a t i e n t . It can a l s o serve f o r subsequent c o n t r o l o f prostheses , orthoses , o r f u n c t i o n a l neuromuscular s t i m u l a t i o n (FNS) o f paraplegics. The second a p p l i c a t i o n concerns t h e d i s c r i m i n a t i o n between intended walking functions ( t o be a c t i v a t e d by FNS) o f paraplegics from parameters o f signature p a t t e r n s (AR parameters o r equivalent) o f above-lesion surface EMG. This above-lesion EMG i s as generated by n a t u r a l posture changes o f a paraplegic's upper t r u n k when preparing t o perform t h e respective wal king-related f u n c t i o n ( t a k i n g r i g h t o r l e f t step e t c ...), thus c o n t r o l l i n g FNS t o paralyzed limbs.

The present study introduces the heterogeneous quasi-continuous spiking cortical model (HQC-SCM) method as a novel approach for neutron and gamma-ray pulse shape discrimination. The method utilizes specific neural responses to extract features in the falling edge and delayed fluorescence parts of radiation pulse signals. In addition, the study investigates the contributions of HQC-SCM’s parameters to its discrimination performance, leading to the development of an automatic parameter selection strategy. As HQC-SCM is a chaotic system, a genetic algorithm-based parameter optimization method was proposed to locate local optima of HQC-SCM’s parameter solutions efficiently and robustly in just a few iterations of evolution. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that the HQC-SCM method outperforms traditional and state-of-the-art pulse shape discrimination algorithms, including falling edge percentage slope, zero crossing, charge comparison, frequency gradient analysis, pulse-coupled neural network, and ladder gradient methods. The outstanding discrimination performance of HQC-SCM enables plastic scintillators to compete with liquid and crystal scintillators’ neutron and gamma-ray pulse shape discrimination ability. Additionally, the HQC-SCM method outperforms other methods when dealing with noisy radiation pulse signals. Therefore, it is an effective and robust approach that can be applied in radiation detection systems across various fields.