No abstract

Vegetation structure and composition and the mass of components of organic detritus were assessed in paired areas, with and without stock access, at six sites. The study revealed that grazing has altered and continues to alter the structure and function of the riparian landscape in the Murrumbidgee River and its tributaries in southeastern Australia. Seedlings and saplings of the dominant Eucalyptus tree species were up to three orders of magnitude more abundant in areas with no stock access, and the biomass of groundcover plants was an order of magnitude greater in areas with no stock access at all sites. Plant species richness did not differ between areas with and without stock access when the ameliorating effect of canopy tree density was taken into account, but plant community composition differed significantly between areas at all sites. Coarse particulate organic matter and terrestrial fine woody debris were consistently more abundant in areas without stock. In-stream fine and coarse woody debris was more abundant in areas without stock at mainstream sites, but not in tributaries. The percentage of bare soil was greater in areas with stock access at all sites. Differences between areas with and without stock access were generally most pronounced at sites where the riparian zone had been excluded from stock access for more than 50 years. The effects of livestock on vegetation and components of detritus have a significant influence on the function of riparian zones. Efforts to restore river health that focus solely on reducing the impact of regulated flows may be nullified if livestock grazing is not considered as part of river ecosystem management.