The flow field created by two impinging liquid jets in a cylindrical chamber is investigated using particle tracing, laser Doppler anemometry, and three-dimensional numerical simulation. The jet Reynolds number (based on the mean jet velocity and diameter) range is from 50–300. Results show that there is a threshold value of the Reynolds number beyond which the flow exhibits oscillations. Computer simulations agree well with the experimental visualizations, for both the overall observed flow pattern and a quantitative measure of the oscillations.

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Three different discretization schemes were used to study the flow in a 90-degree bend square duct. The numerical method consists of a general curvilinear coordinate formulation of the governing equations and a non-staggered grid for the variables. A stable method of implementing the higher-order schemes is proposed. The second-order upwinding and QUICK schemes give results which compare more favourably with the experimental data than the first-order upwinding method. In 3-D flow problems, the grid-refinement is severely limited by the amount of computer storage and the use of higher-order upwinding schemes provides a better alternative in obtaining accurate flow predictions.

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