Biotreatment of spent sulfidic caustic with different dilution ratios was investigated in this study. The results show that the domesticated activated sludge has an effective biodegradability in the treatment of the spent caustic with a dilution ratio of 3. The sulfur compounds were completely biodegraded within one cycle period. The degradation of sulfur compounds was a process of alkalinity consuming. Sulfide was mainly bio-oxidized to sulfate under the conditions of low sulfide load and sufficient dissolved oxygen. The conversion of sulfide to sulfate decreased by 24% as the dilution ratio reduced from 10 to 3. Meanwhile, the activity of sulfur bacteria recovered quickly after impact.

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Syntheses and Insecticidal Activities of Novel 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4oxadiazoles. -Starting from the aldehydes (via nitrile and acid hydrazide) the reaction with an acyl chloride and subsequent cyclization with POCl3 yields the unsymmetric compounds such as (V). Symmetric derivatives such as (VII) are obtained by reaction of the acids (VI) with PPA and hydrazine. The insecticidal activities of oxadiazoles against Dropsophila melanogaster are reported and analysis of structure-activity relationships show that the highest occupied molecular orbital energy is the main factor affecting the bioactivities. -(QIAN, X.; ZHANG, R.; J.

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