U pojedinim defektima koštanog tkiva u oralnoj i maksilofacijalnoj hirurgiji, regeneracija je neophodna u značajnom obimu. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da prikaže različite mogućnosti u rešavanju problema oslabljene funkcije zarastanja koštanih defekata u vilici, kao i u drugim kostima, uz upotrebu sintetskih biomaterijala sa osobinama sličnim prirodnoj kosti. Novija otkrića u ovoj oblasti predstavljaju pokušaj stvaranja lokalnog sistema za dopremanje faktora rasta, zatim za direktnu dostavu matičnih ćelija, kao i sintezu skela za osteokondukciju, a takođe i upotrebu nanotehnologije u cilju sintetisanja kompozitnih biomaterijala, baziranih pre svega na hidroksiapatitu i polimerima koji bi imitirali nanokompozitnu arhitekturu prirodne kosti. Postoji takođe i tendencija stvaranja injektibilnih biomaterijala za olakšanu aplikaciju.

Rehabilitation of alveolar bone with tissue defect caused by advanced osteoporosis is a common problem in stomatology and maxillofacial surgery. One of therapeutic approaches is implantation of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to estimate biocompatibility, osteoconductive and reparative capabilities of biomaterials in wound healing of rats which are experimentally treated with corticosteroids during 12 weeks to produce osteoporosis. The syngenic Sprague Dolly female rats 6-8 weeks old were divided into the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group comprising 5 subgroups, the bone defects were made in the left mandible by 1.4 mm borer, in sterile conditions. In the first subgroup of rats healing wasspontaneous. In other four subgroups hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite, a mixture of HAp and autologous plasma, a mixture of HAp and fibrin glue, and glass jonomer bone cement were used, respectively. The best results were obtained with a mixture of HAp with plasma. Histologically, the new bone tissue was found in both spongious and compact mandibular parts. Our. results suggest that HAp can help in new bone tissue formation in animals treated with corticosteroids