The progress in modern technologies such as precise lightweight cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the more user-friendly software in the photogrammetric field, allows for 3-D model construction of any structure or shape. Software now achieves in sequence the processes of matching, generating tie points, block bundle adjustment, and generating digital elevation models.The aim of this study is to make a virtual 3-D model of the college of engineering /University of Duhok. Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The data input is vertical and oblique imagery acquired by UAV, ground control points distributed on the surrounded ground, facades, and roof. Ground control points were measured by the GPS RTK system in addition to the reflectorless total station instrument. The data is processed mainly using Agisoft PhotoScan software as well as the Global Mapper and the ReCap software. The output is a 3-D model, digital elevation model, and orthomosaic.Geometric and visual inspections were carried out. Some imperfections appeared on the sharp edges and parapets of the building. In the geometric accuracy of selected points on the building, the maximum standard deviation in the coordinates was ±4cm. The relative accuracy in distance measurements were in the range of 0.72% to 4.92 %

The Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have become convenient for many applications such as the production of 3D ground models, orthophotos, road maintenance and dam monitoring, etc. The aim of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of the orthophoto obtained from UAV images compared to the existing orthophoto generated from aerial survey conducted by Vossing German Company in Duhok city, 2011 using GPS ground control point as a reference base. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the university campus was created with the UAV vertical images. Low flight height of 80m was used with the rate of 70% forward overlap and 40% side lap. An orthophoto is produced based on this DEM. To assess the accuracy of UAV orthophotos and the existing orthophotos produced from aerial survey, 7 ground control points (GCPs) were distributed and used for processing the orthophoto mosaic and DEM, 12 GCPs were used as check points. The 19 GCPs were accurately measured using GPS-RTK. Discrepancy in horizontal position of the GCPs measured on both orthophotos was obtained relative to the reference GPS base control points.The UAV data were processed and analyzed using two softwares pix4D and Agisoft Photoscan. The RMS errors obtained from both orthophotos is presented relative to the GPS base. Sub-centimetre accuracy for horizontal position was achieved from the UAV orthophoto at low flight altitude.

This paper deals with two common driving offensive cases at signalized intersections: 1-The sudden change in lane on the beginning of the green interval to pass the intersection using the right turning lane. 2-The forced emerging through queued vehicles passing T intersection on the through approach, always green lane.The objective of this study is to observe and count the percentages of those impatient drivers on four intersections during peak hour period. The data was collected within Duhok city at two intersections, for each of the above mentioned cases. Video camera was used to collect the flow of vehicles in each case. Traffic counting was carried out on the video using the laptop keys and EVENT computer program. Peak hour period for the four intersections was (5:00pm -6:00pm) according to a comprehensive previous study for traffic in Duhok city.The total hourly traffic flow was collected on the diagnosed approach. The percentage of the offensive drivers was collected relative to the total traffic flow at the approach during the same period.For the first case, the analyses of data shows that: The percentage of offensive vehicles to the total flow of the approach was 11% at Bira intersection. Larger rate was noticed at Mam intersection reaching 27%. Adding painted street markers did not change the tendency to break the regulations.For the second case, the data was collected at two intersections, namely Safin, and Sulav. The percentage of the offensive vehicles was within 20% for the two intersections.Off peak period observations did not show any obvious change in drivers behavior.

Rutting, thermal cracking, and stripping are among the most severe distress types in asphalt pavement. In this study, a specified type of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) was used as a modifier for a low viscosity asphalt binder G80/100 (PG 58-22) to overcome the issues of the distresses in the asphalt mixture. The mixing process had been evaluated by using fluorescent microscopy. The control- and SBS-modified binders were subjected to all conventional and Superpave binder tests. The Hamburg wheel tracker (HWT) and indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) tests were conducted to evaluate the engineering properties of the control and modified asphalt mixtures. The used SBS percentages were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of the total weight of the binder. The results showed lower penetration, higher softening point, viscosity, and elastic recovery. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests showed an increasing SBS% leading to an increase in both values of high and low temperatures of the asphalt performance grade (PG). The tensile strength ratio and Hamburg wheel tracker tests’ results showed that the highest TSR and rutting parameter values were obtained at 3% SBS, which was the optimum SBS content for the asphalt mixture and the resulted modified asphalt is PG76-16.

In this study, the geometric accuracy of four different maps for three sectors of Duhok city was assessed. The maps were produced in different periods and different techniques. One set of maps was paper plotted maps, which had to be geo-referenced. The other three maps were digitally plotted with reference to the global coordinate system UTM/WGS-84/Zone 38 N projection. A total of 51 points were identified on one reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok city prepared by the general directorate of urban planning/Kurdistan region/Iraq with the collaboration of the German company Ingenieurburo Vossing Company. The reference map, which is the master plan of Duhok governorate, is an official map that is certified and checked by the ministry of planning of the Kurdistan region to have a positional accuracy of ±1.5 cm. These points were searched for and identified on the other three maps. Discrepancies in Easting and Northings of these points were calculated, which resulted in the mean discrepancy of 2.29 m with a maximum value of 8.5 m in one event. The maximum standard deviation in dE and dN was 3.8 m. These values are reasonably accepted, considering that the maps were prepared using different techniques and a variable accuracy standard.