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Production of cement has been identified as a major source of carbon dioxide, particulates, and other gases, where it was reported that the production of one ton of OPC could produce one ton of CO2. These gases and particulates exert significant effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, the supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are becoming sustainable concrete in comparison with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by decreasing the consumption of cement and carbon dioxide emissions. This experimental study is to focus on the effect of partial replacement in cement by pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Four mixes were used with different values of PFA and GGBS and they tested at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The compressive strength of these specimens was carried out by a compression test. The test results revealed that increasing the ratios of PFA and GGBS replacement results in a decrease in the compressive strength of specimens. The decrease in compressive strength of SCMs mortar ranged from 20 to 30%, and they could be an acceptable value.

PAS2050 was introduced in order to help combat the extremely high levels of emissions that the construction industry emits, as well as the large volume of natural resources they use, through the life cycle of a project. It was developed to create a consistent method of assessing the life cycle of Greenhouse gases as well as a method to increase understanding of where they arise from within a supply chain. This is essential in today’s world as without change, the climate will continue to rise in temperature and contribute negatively to the already dramatic effects of climate change that have already been seen. By implementing PAS2050 the industry aims to allow stakeholders to realise the impacts and encourage movement towards a more sustainable future. This research aims to determine how well the construction industry has adopted the carbon assessment strategy covered by PAS2050 through informed opinions, data and case studies. Using journals and research, alongside a questionnaire which will be distributed to individuals within the industry, an informed decision will be made to determine how well the construction industry has adopted PAS2050. The results found that the industry is having difficulty in adapting to the change at all levels and scopes. The findings of this research show that the industry has only touched the surface and although the larger organisations are leading the charge, enough is not being done by smaller organisations and the supply chain.

Cement is the main construction material in the infrastructure, and it determines the key properties of the concrete structures. However, cement production causes many environmental issues, including but not limited to global warming and depletion of natural resources. Therefore, this paper focuses on replacing the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in cement mortar with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverised fuel ash (PFA)) to develop a green mortar that has less negative environmental impacts compared to the OPC. Different ratios of GGBS and PFA (0-40% of cement) were used in this study, and the produced samples were cured for four weeks. The compressive strength of the green mortar was measured at the ages of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The results showed the produced mortar generally is weaker than the OPC mortar, where the final compressive strength of the reference sample, sample with 20% GGBS and 20% PFA, and samples with 35% of GGBS and 35% of PFA was 13.7, 10.1 and 7.3 MPa, respectively. However, the new mortar is beneficial for both environment and construction costs.