Objectives:The study aims at assessing the level of leadership competencies and finding the significant differences in these competencies with regard to nurse managers' age, gender, qualification, and years of experience. Materials and methods:A descriptive analytical study design that is initiated for the period of October 1st 2021 to June 1st, 2022. The sample of the study includes 260 nurse managers was selected by convenient sampling method (non-probability sample). The setting of the study includes the teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. The Leadership Competencies Scale was used in this study, which comprised of 26 items distributed on four dimensions: 5 items for Leading Change; 7 items for leading nurses; 6 items for Results Driven; 5 items for Communications. The data have been collected through the utilization of the self-administrative report as a mean of data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted by using statistical package for social science (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 26.0. Results:The study found that nurse managers show good competencies regarding leadership of change style (M±SD= 21.23±2.664), show good competencies regarding subordinate leadership style (M±SD= 29.61±3.863), show good competencies regarding focus on result style (M±SD= 25.31±3.075), and show good competencies regarding leadership of communication style (M±SD= 21.60±2.491). No significant differences have been reported in leadership competencies with regard to nurse managers' age, gender, qualification, and years of experience. Conclusions:Based on the study finding, the study concludes that nurse mangers are showing good leadership competencies regarding leadership style of change, subordinate style, results-focused, and communication based style. Recommendations:The study is recommended for conducting a study to explore the influence of leadership management on subordinates job satisfaction and patients' satisfaction in health care setting.

Objectives: To assess of Science Teachers' Awareness towards immunity and immunization in Baghdad City Primary Schools. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted, included (100) primary school, (50) in Al Rassafa sector, and (50) in Al Karkh sector, of March 5th 2012 to March 15th 2013, to assess of science teachers' awareness towards immunity and immunization. A cluster sample of (100) Science teachers (males and females) were selected, as one teacher of each school. A questioner format was used for data collection. The validity of questioner was estimated through a penal of experts related to the field of study, and its reliability was estimated through a pilot study conducted in (20) schools is excluded of the original sample which included (20) teachers of April 8th 2012 to April 14th 2012. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: The results of the study indicated that (78%) of sample were female, and (39%) of them their ages were between (30-39) years old, (65%) of them were married, while (21%) of them were single, and (50%) of them were institute graduates. Also the study indicated that (26%) of teachers had (15-19) years of employment in teaching sector. Furthermore, (58 %) of sample had no opportunity to be involved in training courses concerning communicable diseases control. The results of this study indicate that, teachers' awareness was poor (in adequate awareness) towards immunity and immunization against communicable diseases in Baghdad City Primary Schools Conclusion: The study concluded that teachers' awareness towards immunity and immunization in Baghdad primary schools was poor. Recommendations: The study recommends that there is a need for cooperation between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education on writing a book systematically for primary schools about the nature of the transitional diseases and how to control them through immunity and immunization, and Emphasis on continuous sessions concerning communicable diseases control for teachers in all primary schools

Objective: Assessment of primary schools science teachers' knowledge towards health promotion in Baghdad City.Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at (100) primary school at Al-Rasafa, and Al-Karkh sectors inBaghdad City, from November 29th 2007 to January 20th 2009. A probability stratified random sample of (100)teachers who teach science subject was selected, and had at least one year of employment in the teaching field. Aquestionnaire format was used which was consisted of (2) parts. The overall number of the items included in thequestionnaire were (205) items. The first part was related to the demographic data of the teachers, the second part(six sections) was concerned with teachers' knowledge about health promotion. Reliability and validity ofquestionnaire was estimated through a pilot study. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptivestatistical analysis which included; frequency and percentage, and the application of inferential statistical analysiswhich included; mean of score, Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square test.Results. The study revealed that teachers have acquired moderate level of knowledge about nutrition, communicablediseases, immunization and vaccination, injuries and accidents, obesity, acute illness problems, dental problems,social and psychological development, water and lead pollution, radiation, noise problems, waste disposal and plantsproblems. Concerning the relationship between teachers' knowledge and their demographic characteristics, dataanalysis has showed that there is no association between teachers' knowledge and their ages, gender, and sectors.While, there is a significant associations between teachers' knowledge and their educational level, years ofemployment and training sessions.Recommendations: The study recommends that there is a need for health promotion-oriented education programwhich can be designed, constructed and presented to primary school teachers with great emphasis on all aspects ofhealth promotion. Furthermore, teacher can be nominated and encouraged to actively participate in health promotiontraining sessions. Also, the importance of a collaborative work which can be initiated between the Ministry ofEducation and the Ministry of Health to create facilities for the implementation of health promotion orientededucation program.

Objectives: The study aims at assessing the level of emotional intelligence as well as leadership styles and detecting the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles. Materials and methods: A descriptive study, correlational design that is initiated for the period of October 1st 2021 to June 1st, 2022. The sample of the study includes 260 nurse managers was selected by convenient sampling method (non-probability sample). The setting of the study includes the teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. Two scales were used in the current study; Emotional Intelligence Scales which comprised of 45 items and Leadership Styles which comprised of 26 items distributed on four dimensions: 5 items for Leading Change; 7 items for leading nurses; 6 items for Results Driven; 5 items for Communications. The data have been collected through the utilization of the self-administrative report as a mean of data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted by using statistical package for social science (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 26.0. Results: The study found that 95% of nurse managers are associated with high level of emotional intelligence (M±SD= 189.42±13.084), nurse managers show good competencies regarding leadership of change style (M±SD= 21.23±2.664), subordinate leadership style (M±SD= 29.61±3.863), focus on result style (M±SD= 25.31±3.075) and leadership of communication style (M±SD= 21.60±2.491). Emotional intelligence of nurse managers is positively correlated with leadership style of change, subordinate leadership, and leadership of communication style at p-value= .001, .001, and .033. Conclusions: Based on the study finding, the study concludes that nurse managers are associated with high emotional intelligence and good leadership competencies. There is evidence of a two-way relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style competencies among nurse managers. Recommendations: The study is recommended The Health Institution administrators need to design a training program to improve conflict management and emotional intelligence for nurses to effectively manage conflicts among them which is inevitable in health care institutions. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Relationship, Leadership styles, Nurse Managers

Background: Immunizations are one of the most effective health initiatives of the twentieth century, but many people do not receive sufficient immunizations in several parts of the world. Every year, about three million people around the world die from diseases that can be prevented by vaccines; half of the dead were infants and children. However, community health care workers have become increasingly recognized and acknowledged as an important and efficient intervention essential for increasing community-centered health services, especially in deprived areas. Aims of the study: To evaluate the level of health care workers' knowledge about immunity and vaccination at primary health care centers. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design conducted for the periods 27 \ September \ 2020 to 25 \ April \ 2021, among (315) health care workers who are selected by non-probability sampling (convenience sample), self-administered questionnaire, the scores obtained for answers to closed-ended questions were used to determine the level of knowledge, reverse questions were used, several statistical measures were used by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 24, in order to analyze and evaluate the results of the study. Results: The findings showed that health care workers have a moderate level of knowledge about immunity and vaccination. Conclusion: There was a moderate level of knowledge about immunity and vaccination among health care workers. In addition, the greatest part of participants in this study is medical assistants and nurses. Recommendations: The researcher recommends implementing an educational program designed for health care workers about immunity and vaccination in all primary health care centers