Ac onvenient and efficient palladium(II)-porphyrin catalytic system has been developed for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) of aryl bromides with potassium aryltrifluoroborate in water.Aseries of seven different porphyrins and their complexes with palladium (Pd II (por)-1-Pd II (por)-7) were prepared, and screenedt heir catalytic activity in making biaryls through C(sp 2 )ÀC(sp 2 )c oupling.S ignificantly, the present protocol utilizes safe, water-soluble, and highly stable porphyrins as an alternative to toxic and unstable phosphine ligands. Thes imple preparation of porphyrins and their complexes, use of moisture-resistantc atalyst, excellent yields of the isolated products,u se of eco-friendly solvent( such as water), and reusability of the catalysta re the notable advantages of this method. This finding uses marginally explored, moisture-insensitive potassium phenyltrifluoroborates as nucleophilesf or SMC. Furthermore, the scope of the methodh as been demonstrated for the multigram scale preparation of biaryls without any side products.Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under http://dx.

A facile palladium(II)‐porphyrin catalytic system has been developed for the Mizoroki‐Heck coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl acrylates under mild conditions. Seven different porphyrins (H2TPP, H2TpCPP, H2TpAP, H2TpTP, H2TSTpSPP, H2TmHPP and H2TmCPP) and their complexes with palladium (Pd‐TPP, Pd‐TpCPP, Pd‐TpAP, Pd‐TpTP, Pd‐TSTpSPP, Pd‐TmHPP and Pd‐TmCPP) were synthesized, and examined their catalytic role in the synthesis of alkyl cinnamates in DMF. The complex, Pd‐TSTpSPP showed better activity in the present conversion. This finding has significant advantages like operational simplicity, easy synthesis of porphyrin ligands and their complexes with palladium, utilization of safer and recyclable catalyst and high yields of Mizoroki‐Heck products.

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In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.

Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were developed to evaluate fuel cell characteristics, i.e., ion exchange capacity, oxidative stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Fabricated PEMs are characterized by the FTIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. PMA was incorporated. PEMs demonstrated maximum encapsulation efficiency of 5FU, i.e., 78 ± 2.3%, and released the drug maximum in pH 7.4 buffer. The maximum Cu(II) removal was observed at 188.91 and 181.22 mg.g–1. PMA incorporated with PEMs exhibited significant proton conductivity (59.23 and 45.66 mS/cm) and low methanol permeability (2.19 and 2.04 × 10−6 cm2/s).