Background:
To explore the neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction in patients with long COVID syndrome, which can help in building better follow up strategies for COVID-19 survivors.
Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional research was undertaken at the premises of a psychiatry unit at a tertiary care unit in Karachi, Pakistan, between August 2022 and April 2023. All individuals aged 18 years or older, who had a history of contracting COVID-19 infection in the last 12 months presented to the department of Psychiatry with neuropsychiatric symptoms were recruited. Using a pre-defined questionnaire, data was collected from the participants. A linear logistic regression was used to find the impact of age, gender, hospitalization, and duration of home isolation on the likelihood of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms or sexual dysfunction.
Results:
A total of 457 patients were included. It was found that individuals were less likely to experience neuropsychiatric symptoms as age increased (OR=0.968, 95% CI: 0.949, 0.986, P=0.001). Females were 4.8 times more likely to experience neuropsychiatric symptoms than males, and the association was extremely significant (OR = 4.851, 95% CI: 3.085, 7.626, P < 0.0001). An increase in age raised the odds of having sleep disturbances among the survivors by 2.7 times (OR = 2.672, 95% CI: 2.654, 2.684, P < 0.0001). The odds of having sleep disturbances were 3 times more likely in female participants as compared to male participants (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.771, 5.094, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion:
The majority of the COVID-19 survivors are presenting with persistent neuropsychiatric and sexual symptoms in our setting. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain proper follow-up with the survivors of COVID-19 and counsel the patients to inform the family physician if these symptoms persist for longer than a month. Increasing such practices of regular follow-ups with COVID-19 survivors can help in detecting early neuropsychiatric and sexual changes.
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