No abstract

The symmetrical relationship between currency and equity markets has gained much attention among academicians and policy makers in the recent era. Many studies conducted on this relationship have concluded that there is short-run relationship between these variables and found less evidence about a long-run relationship. Moreover, all previous studies supposed the linear or symmetrical relationship between these variables. In this study, we use daily time series data from G8+5 countries and Pakistan for 2000–2016 and apply linear and non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to check the symmetrical and asymmetrical relationship between currency and equity markets. Results have shown that there are asymmetrical linkages between the currency and equity markets.

Sustainable behaviors demand wielding communication strategies in social and political spheres for public understanding of scientific issues like climate change and the severe consequences of deteriorating environmental quality. Reliable information can improve public understanding of science and enhance public support for climate change actions at social and political levels. This study strives to examine the socio-political and psychological factors that affect climate change actions based on the stimulus-organism-behavior-consequences paradigm. This study further categorizes sustainable behavior into mitigation and adaptation strategies to capture behavioral consequences with the moderating effects of information literacy and a regulative environment. Empirical findings demonstrate interesting associations between socio-political and psychological factors. Significant effects were observed for environmental quality and belief in climate change in explaining pro-environmental behavior. This study reveals that people are more prone to mitigation than adaptation strategies to ensure sustainability and recommends better communication strategies to empower those already engaged in mitigating climate change and encourage those still struggling to adapt to climate change actions.