In a report on plague in Hongkong submitted to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in December 1902, Professor Simpson 2 says (p. 8) “The experiments undertaken demonstrate that pigs, calves, buffaloes, sheep, hens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pigeons are, in addition to rats, susceptible to plague, and particularly so when fed with plague material.” He points out that these experiments have a twofold importance for the Health Officer, viz.

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Introduction: To achieve universal health coverage, concept of Health and Wellness Center (HWC) was given under Ayushman Bharat. For providing health care services through HWC, cadre of Mid-Level Health Provider (MLHP) is introduced who would be leading primary health care team at HWC. Objective: This study was undertaken with objective to assess the factors favoring to join this course and baseline knowledge of Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC) and Health and Wellness Center (HWC) among course candidates Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted among candidates of certificate course in community health at PSC (Program Study Center) of Medical College at South Gujarat through self-administered semi-structured Performa. Results:Career changing opportunity was considered as a major factor to pursue CCCH course and obtaining MLHP position at HWC. Accessibility of HWC and role in advocacy generation were perceived major needs for it in community. Preventive, Promotive and Curative functions were mentioned as functions of HWC and geographical accessibility with delivery of functions in effective manner were perceived as chief characters of ideal HWC. Along with these, they mentionedcleanliness of center, community involvement and client satisfaction as its other characters. Conclusion and Recommendations:Baseline knowledge of the candidates pertaining to need, functions and ideal HWC was found almost satisfactory but it needed reinforcement and clarity. These results should be used for proper planning of curriculum and implementation of CCCH course to fulfill gaps in knowledge. We recommend that similar exercise should be carried out at all PSCs for effective implementation of course curriculum.

as the number of males per 1000 females. [2] It is an index of male-female (im)balance in a population. One of the basic demographic characteristics of population is the sex composition. The sex composition of population is affected by the differentials in mortality conditions of males and females, sex selective migration, and sex ratio at birth. [1] The sex ratio in the Indian population has been falling consistently. From 972 women per 1000 men in 1901, the sex ratio fell to 940 women per 1000 men in 2011 (India Census 2011). This is a cause for concern as it is a telling indicator of the health and social status of women in society, which has a direct and immediate bearing on other key indicators such as child mortality. [3]

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