Precis: The MicroShunt was implanted in 23 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a feasibility study. Reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) and medications were sustained for up to 5 years with no long-term sight-threatening adverse events (AEs). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of the PRESERFLO MicroShunt (8.5 mm long, 70 µm lumen surgical device, formerly known as the InnFocus MicroShunt) in POAG. Patients and Methods: In a feasibility study (NCT00772330), patients with POAG inadequately controlled on maximum tolerated therapy with IOP ≥18 to ≤40 mm Hg underwent MicroShunt implantation with adjunctive mitomycin C (0.4 mg/mL), alone or in combination with cataract surgery. Years 1 to 3 findings have previously been reported. Endpoints of this extension study included IOP reduction and success at years 4 and 5 (primary), incidence of AEs, medication use, and reoperations. Results: Mean IOP was reduced from 23.8±5.3 mm Hg at baseline to 12.8±5.6 mm Hg (year 4; n=21) and 12.4±6.5 mm Hg (year 5; n=21). Overall success (with/without medication use) was 87.0% (year 4) and 82.6% (year 5). The mean number of medications reduced from 2.4±1.0 at baseline to 0.8±1.3 (year 5). Common (≥5% of patients) AEs included corneal edema (n=4), transient hypotony (n=4), bleb-related complications (n=3), and device touching the iris (n=3). There were 4 reports of serious AEs and 2 reoperations. Conclusions: In this extension study, sustained reductions in mean IOP and medications were observed up to 5 years post-MicroShunt implantation. There were no reports of long-term sight-threatening AEs and a low rate of postoperative interventions.

In recent years, the prevalence of adult female acne has increased, but the reason for this increase remains unclear. Acne is one of the most common skin disorders. It can be triggered or worsened by endogenous and exogenous factors, including genetic predisposition, hormone concentrations, diet, smoke and stress; although the interaction with this last factor is not well understood. Modern life presents many stresses including urban noises, socioeconomic pressures and light stimuli. Women are especially affected by stress during daily routine. The recent insertion in the labor market is added to the duties of the mother and wife. Women also have a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Sleep restriction is added to these factors, with several negative consequences on health, including on hormonal secretion and the immune system. This is further complicated by the natural variation in sleep architecture across the menstrual cycle. Recent studies have brought new data about the mechanisms and possible factors involved. This review aims to establish a connection between stress, sleep deprivation and adult female acne.

No abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which can impair general routine activities and has been closely related to poor quality of life. Pruritus and scratching are frequently observed, occurring mainly during sleep and precipitating nighttime arousals. Indeed, sleep quality has been shown to be negatively affected in psoriatic patients, in a close relationship with stress exposure and immune response. Although psoriasis is known to impair sleep, leading to insomnia, its association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is controversial. Similarly, OSA is considered a multifactorial inflammatory disease, characterized by intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation and autonomic dysfunction, with important outcomes on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. Importantly, immunological activities and pro-inflammatory cytokines play a prominent role in both OSA and psoriasis. Currently it is not clear whether OSA is a risk factor for psoriasis development or if psoriasis is a possible predictor of OSA. Thus, our main purpose is to provide an overview of this intriguing relationship and show the current link between psoriasis and OSA in a bidirectional relationship.

Background Dermatological diseases have a negative impact on quality of life (QoL), affecting mental and physical health. Leprosy patients usually present with a worse QoL compared with those affected by other conditions. Reactions, neural damage, and pain are some of the consequences that contribute to the lower QoL. However, due to the wide spectrum of the disease, symptoms vary according to leprosy's subtype. This study aimed to compare the QoL between paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients. Individuals were also compared considering the presence of reactions and a correlation between questionnaires was performed. Methods A total of 104 patients with leprosy aged 18 years old and over were selected. QoL was assessed by the Brazilian‐Portuguese validated versions of the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36) and the Dermatology Life Quality Life Index (DLQI). Results Multibacillary patients showed a more impaired physical function, worse bodily pain, lower score of SF‐36, and higher interference of skin on the performance of daily activities when compared to the paucibacillary group. Individuals without reactions presented lower bodily pain and less effect of the skin on clothing choices compared to those with reactions. The SF‐36 domains exhibited weak correlations with most DLQI questions, and the linear regression model showed that 32% of changes in QoL were related to the skin aspect. Conclusions Multibacillary leprosy patients have a worse QoL when compared to paucibacillary patients. Reactions played a small role in the QoL of our cohort of patients.