Highly multiplexed protein and RNA in situ detection on a single tissue section concurrently is highly desirable for both basic and applied biomedical research. CO-detection by inDEXing (CODEX) is a new and powerful platform to visualize up to 60 protein biomarkers in situ, and RNAscope in situ hybridization (RNAscope) is a novel RNA detection system with high sensitivity and unprecedent specificity at a single-cell level. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, the combination of CODEX and RNAscope remained unreported until this study. Here, we report a simple and reproducible combination of CODEX and RNAscope. We also determined the cross-reactivities of CODEX anti-human antibodies to rhesus macaques, a widely used animal model of human disease.

Highly multiplexed protein and RNA in situ detection on a single tissue section concurrently is highly desirable for both basic and applied biomedical research. CODEX is a new and powerful platform to visualize up to 60 protein biomarkers in situ and RNAscope in situ hybridization (RNAscope) is a novel RNA detection system with single-copy sensitivity and unprecedent specificity at a single cell level. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, the combination CODEX and RNAscope remained unreported until this study. Here we report a simple and reproducible combination of CODEX and RNAscope (Comb-CODEX-RNAscope) . We also determined the cross-reactivities of CODEX anti-human antibodies to rhesus macaques, a widely used animal model of human disease.