TThe inTeresT in phasor measuremenT Technology has reached a peak in recent years, as the need for the best estimate of the power system's state is recognized to be a crucial element in improving its performance and its resilience in the face of catastrophic failures. in most countries installing the phasor measurement units (pmus) and getting to know the pmu system behavior through continuous observations of system events has been the first step. all installations are reaching for a hierarchical wide-area measurement system (Wams) so that the measurements obtained from various substations on the system can be collected at central locations from which various monitoring, protection, and control applications can be developed. in this article, experts from several countries summarize their Wams-related activities in some detail. it is of course not possible to claim that this is a complete list of countries pursuing this technology. To the best of our knowledge similar activities are also progressing in south africa, Taiwan, Japan, and several other countries. however, the contributions here provide an account of the most advanced stages in Wams development in major world economies.-A.G. Phadke The Brazilian national interconnect power system (sin) is characterized with a dominant hydroelectric power generation and long-distance power transfers from generation parks to load centers (Figure 1). studies for phasor measurement applications in Brazil were started in the early 1990s by the study committee of the interconnected operation coordination group (gcoi), prior to the deregulation of the Brazil energy sector. difficulties faced by the Brazilian economy during that decade and the restructuring process of the electric energy sector delayed the project.

Recent power system blackouts around the world have driven attention to the need of Wide Area Measurement, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. Currently, the Brazilian electric power industry is making an effort, lead by independent system operator ONS, to implement a large-scale wide-area measurement system utilizing the synchronized phasor measurement technology. The system will be utilized to realize many off-line and real-time operation applications for improving the reliability and economical operations of the National Interconnected Power System (NIPS). The novelty of the technology and the task to implement such a system in a deregulated environment present some special challenges to the project and ONS. This paper describes the overall approach that the Brazilian power industry and ONS had adopted in implementing this system. The approach aims to address several main aspects of the project that are critical for a successful implementation of the system, such as the regulatory framework, under which the system is to be deployed, deployment planning, and overall system performance assurance measures. The project has successfully completed the system architecture design and corresponding system components specifications. ONS is currently in the process to hire a qualified test entity to perform the PMU homologation testing and calibration.Index Terms--PMU performance test and calibration, Synchrophasor, Wide-area measurement.

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