Abstract-This paper presents a broadband microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication. In its most basic form, a microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. The patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. A rectangular patch is used as the main radiator. There are several advantages of this type of broadband antenna, such as planar, small in size, simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to be fabricated, thus attractive for practical applications. This rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for wireless communication application that works at 2.4 GHz with gain 11 dB for outdoor place. It also has a wide angle of beam in its radiation pattern. The results obtain that microstrip patch antenna can be used as client antenna in computer and workable antenna for wireless fidelity.
Fingerling Cromileptes altivelis of less than 50 g have been shown to require feeds of 50–56% crude protein (CP) and 9–15% lipid. The requirements of larger, market‐size fish have not been reported. A total of 324 hatchery‐produced C. altivelis were weight sorted into three groups of 136, 175 and 225 g start weight and equally (12 seacage−1) and randomly distributed to floating net seacages in accordance with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of CP (42%, 47% or 53%; estimated digestible CP of 40%, 46% or 52%) and lipid (8%, 12% or 16%; equivalent to estimated digestible energy (DE) contents of 14.0, 15.8 or 17.5 MJ kg−1). Changes in dietary CP and lipid content were achieved at the cost of wheat flour by proportionally varying the protein mixture (essentially a 0.62:0.22:0.16 ratio of fish meal, mysid meal and casein respectively) and oil mixture (a 2:1 ratio of fish oil and soybean oil respectively). Fish were fed twice daily to satiation for 180 days. There was no significant (P>0.05) interaction between the main effects of dietary protein and lipid for any growth, nutrient retention or whole‐body composition measurements. Increasing dietary CP significantly improved the survival rate (80.6%, 88.9% and 87.0%), specific growth rate (SGR; 0.24%, 0.28% and 0.31% day−1), feed conversion ratio (FCR; 2.77, 2.21 and 2.00) and DE retention (18.2, 21.3 and 23.2%), respectively, but did not significantly affect digestible protein retention. Increasing dietary lipid increased SGR (0.25, 0.29 and 0.29% day−1) and the whole‐body lipid (and energy) composition, and reduced the survival rate (87.0%, 88.9% and 80.6%), respectively, but FCR and retentions of digestible protein and DE were not significantly affected. These results indicate that humpback grouper of 150–400 g require a dietary specification of not less than 51% digestible protein (∼53% CP), 10–12% lipid and digestible protein:DE of 31–32 g MJ−1 for optimal growth.
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