Slope held a vital role in soil formation and development through erosion, transportation, and deposition. The degree of the slope determines the flow rate and volume of surface water, while the slope position determines rate of the erosion. The research aimed to understand the impact of the slope position against physical (texture, Bulk Density, top soil thickness,) and chemical (pH, Organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and the correlation between the top soil thickness to physical and soil chemical properties. The research was conducted in April to June 2016. The soil samples were taken from 15-25% slope and three positions: upper slope, middle slope and lower slope. Each slope was repeated 5 times, hence 15 spots of soil samples were obtained. This research used descriptive comparative method and stratified purpose sampling as the sampling technique. The results of T-Student test showed that the slope position influenced the topsoil thickness of 6.91 point in the upper and middle slope and 3.89 point in the middle and lower slope. The results of the correlation test in each parameter in the upper hill showed there was correlation between top soil against dust fraction (r=0.826), top soil against clay fraction (r=0.823), and top soil against soil CEC (r=0.787). The middle slope showed there was correlation between top soil and soil pH (r=0.872) and topsoil to soil CEC (r=0.790). The lower slope showed there was correlation between top soil and soil pH (r=0.870).
The efforts to utilize the agricultural land need a proper understanding of the soil characteristics. The soil characteristics themselves are influenced by the factors that regulate and control the soil forming and pedogenesis processes. The main soil forming factors in this study was the different ages and composition of parent materials from the eruption of Mt. Tangkuban Parahu in West Java. This research was done to comprehend the pedogenesis and to figure out the soil classifications that developed in two geological formations (Qyd and Qvu) and two ages of eruption (Holocene and Pleistocene) of Mt. Tangkuban Parahu. The study was conducted in Ciater, Subang Regency and Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency in West Java Province. The study consisted of four stages: preparation, field survey and soil sampling, laboratory analysis and presenting the report. The results showed that Pedon of Jatinangor consisted of three different stratifications of ages. The clay mineralogical composition was dominated by kaolinite, whereas mineralogical composition of the sandy fractions (heavy fractions) was augite-hypersthene. Pedon of Ciater also consists of three different stratifications of age. The clay mineralogical composition was dominated by allophane, while mineralogical compositions of the sandy fractions (heavy fractions) were green amphibole-hypersthene in the overlying horizons and amphibole-augite in the underlying horizons. The stage of soil formation on both pedon were cambic or viril. The soil classification according to Soil Taxonomy were Acrudoxic Durudands, medial over loamy-skeletal, isohyperthermic in Ciater Pedon and Fluventic Eutrudepts, fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic in Jatinangor Pedon.Key words: slow sand filter, activated carbon, silica sand, sand, gravel, zeolite
Land conditions in the upper Citarum watershed have been increasingly critical in recent times, causing various problems, especially the high erosion that is considered one of the factors causing river sedimentation and triggering flood. Agroforestry has provided a positive impact on the soil conservation aspect. The dense and critical land in the Upper Citarum watershed has been converted to agroforestry in the last decades. This study aims to estimate the rate of soil erosion of different agroforestry land systems at the Upper Citarum watershed using the MUSLE model. The results show that the surface runoff and soil erosion in forest-based agroforestry systems with intercropping patterns is lower than in farm-based agroforestry.
The proper understanding about spatial soil diversity is very important to simulate environmental model and to manage land resources in the landscape scale. Information of soil diversity is also noteworthy for environmental academics, forestry, civil engineering, and land use planner. Until now, most of the soil information are derived from conventional soil maps which are lack of detailed information. This condition can increase the uncertainty of model output and can also be an obstacle to the future development of spatial distribution model. According to this situation, the research was conducted in Sub Watershed of Cikeruh, Citarik, and Citarum Hulu. These areas are located in the 6o53’00”S - 6o53’15” S and 107o45’21”E - 107o45’55”E at 780-1800 m asl, The rainfall is classified as type C according to the Schmidt and Fergusson classification with mean rainfall around 1795.66 mm per year. The soils in the research areas are classified as Inceptisols. The research aims to analyze and elucidate the relation between topographic characteristics and soil physical properties. Some parameters studied in this research are elevation, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic position index (TPI), and some soil physical properties, such as soil texture (clay, silt, and sand), soil organic carbon, soil bulk density, soil available water capacity, soil porosity and permeability. The results showed that all topographic parameters were related to one or some soil physical properties, except aspect and slope. Topographic variables that are frequently related to soil properties are TPI and TWI. Keywords: topographic characteristics, elevation, aspect, curvature, TWI, TPI, soil physical properties
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