Corn is one of the commodities that have high economic value and important role in meeting food needs in Indonesia. Unfavorable conditions on the rate of the higher demand for corn. Pests to be one limiting factor that causes a decrease in the production of corn. Peronosclerospora maydis is a pathogen that causes downy mildew on corn. P. maydis infects corn plants at the age of 2-3 weeks, with the level of damage reaches 80-100%. Control efforts against this disease one of them using antagonistic microbes such as bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens has the potential to control downy mildew because it produces compounds that are antibiosis as chitinase enzymes that can hydrolyze the cell walls of fungi. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the interaction of P. fluorescens isolates applications and the use of some varieties to suppress downy mildew attack P. maydis on corn. The method used is to use a random test design of a factorial group with 2 factors. The first factor is the type of varieties with three levels namely V1: Pioneer 27, V2: Pioneer 21 and V3: Bonanza. The second factor is a type of isolates P. fluorescens with three levels namely P1: without the application of P. fluorescens, P2: Isolates P. fluorescens (A) and P3: Isolate of P. fluorescens (B). The result is the application of P. fluorescens and use of some varieties can suppress downy mildew P. maydis.
Bacterial grain rot disease in rice plant is a new disease in Indonesia. The disease can reduce rice production up to 40% in severe disease attack. Morphological and physiological identification of these pathogens can be useful as a strategy of disease control. Control of this disease using Agent Biological Control is a right step and eco-friendly. The research was conducted in July until November 2018 at Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Agricultural Quarantine Center Surabaya. Design of experiment used on pathogenic identification is descriptively and analytically while in strategy of diseases control used are Randomized Complete Design method of single factor as many as 5 treatment of Bacillus spp. such as; Ba1: Bacillus spp. isolate 1, Ba2: Bacillus spp. isolate 2, Ba3: Bacillus spp. isolate 3, Ba4: Bacillus spp. isolate 4, and Ba5: Bacillus isolate spp. 5. Research result showed that the pathogen causing bacterial grain rot in Rice is Burkholderia glumae with bacterial characteristic are Gram negative, aerobic, not fluorescent on Kings B medium, mesophyll, isotonic, can hydrolysis arginine and can produce enzyme of gelatinase and (2) Bacillus spp. Isolate which consistent to inhibiting B. glumae in vitro is Ba-1 with a mean inhibition of 17.88 mm and a variety of resistance mechanisms, namely bacteriostatic and bactericidal Isolate of Bacillus spp Keywords: Bacterial grain rot rice; Bacillus spp; Burkholderia glumae
Abstract. Nurcahyanti SD, Wahyuni WS, Masnilah R, Nurdika AAH. 2021. Diversity of Bacillus spp. from soybean phyllosphere as potential antagonist agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines causal of pustule disease. Biodiversitas 22: 5003-5011. Pustule disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is an important disease in soybean. Bacteria from soybean phyllosphere is one of the potential biological agents against this disease. This is because the microorganisms have similarity. This study aimed to determine the diversity and species of bacteria from the soybean phyllosphere that have potential as biological agents. The research was carried out by morphological observation, physiological - biochemical testing, and molecularly with BOX AIR primer. Molecular identification was carried out by amplifying the 16S-rRNA gene with 27F and 1492R primers. The results showed that 11 isolates could inhibit Xag in vitro which showed morphological, biochemical, and molecular diversity. These bacteria were identified as Bacillus spp. which consisted of 4 groups, namely Bacillus siamensis, B. subtilis. B. amyloliquifaction and B. velezensis. The diversity of phyllosphere bacteria allows them to be used as biological agents because they do not inhibit each other and have diverse living abilities in various environmental conditions.
Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum, is a disease that often attacks melon plants. F. oxyporum is a fungus that infects through the roots and clogs vascular vessels in plants and causes plants to wither with necrotic symptoms. Bacillus spp as a biological agent capable of controlling fusarium wilt by antibiotic mechanism. Bacillus spp obtained was then carried out by testing to determine its potential as a biological recognition agent. This research was carried out starting from the isolation of F. oxysporum, isolation and inoculation of Bacillus spp., Gram test, hypersensitivity test using tobacco plants, to calculate the intensity of attacks and analyze. The study was conducted with 5 treatments namely control, F. oxysporum without Bacillus spp., F. oxysporum with isolates BJM4, BJM5, and BJM9. The results showed that BJM5 isolates can suppress fusarium wilt disease with a disease severity value of 23.75%, the lowest compared to all treatments applying Bacillus spp. this was also shown by the results of antagonistic tests on PDA media that BJM5 isolates could suppress F. oxysporum fungi by 0.6 or 60%.
Jember merupakan salah satu Kabupaten penghasil padi terbesar di jawa timur, Indonesia. Sayangnya berdasarkan Badan Pusat Data Statistik (BPS) pada tahun 2015-2016, produksi padi di Kabupaten Jember Menurun hingga 20.000 ton per tahun. Masalah hama dan penyakit menjadi penyebab utama turunnya produktifitas padi di Jember. Di ketahui tanaman padi di Jember dapat diserang oleh beberapa penyakit dalam kurun waktu yang sama dengan insidensi dan keparahan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan guna mengetahui tingkat insidensi dan keparahan penyakit penting di beberapa kecamatan di Kabupaten Jember. Lokasi pengambilan data diperoleh berdasarkan metode pengacakan bertingkat dan dilakukan di musim kering. Sampel diambil dari empat desa per kecamatannya dan per desa diambil minimal empat titik lahan. Hasil menunjukkan Beberapa penyakit diketahui menyerang semua lokasi penyakit seperti Penyakit hawar bakteri (Kresek) dan Blast. Umumnya masing-masing kecamatan berbeda jenis penyakit yang menyerang. Sebagai contoh Tungro dan penyakit lain yang diebabkan oleh virus hanya menyerang pada beberapa lokasi dengan insidensi dan keparahan yang kecil. Data hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk dasar peramalan terjadinya epidemi penyakit di kemudian hari dan mempersiapkan metode pengendalian penyakit tanaman padi yang bijaksana pada musim yang sama.
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