Harvesting water vapor from desert, arid environments by metal-organic framework (MOF) based devices to deliver clean liquid water is critically dependent on environment and climate conditions. However, reported devices have yet been developed to adapt in real-time to such conditions during their operation, which severely limits water production efficiency and unnecessarily increases power consumption. Herein, we report and detail a mode of water harvesting operation, termed ‘adaptive water harvesting’, from which a MOF-based device is proven capable of adapting the adsorption and desorption phases of its water harvesting cycle to weather fluctuations throughout a given day, week, and month such that its water production efficiency is continuously optimized. In performance evaluation experiments in a desert, arid climate (17–32% relative humidity), the adaptive water harvesting device achieves a 169% increase in water production (3.5 LH2O kgMOF−1 d−1) when compared to the best-performing, reported active device (0.7–1.3 LH2O kgMOF−1 d−1 at 10–32% relative humidity), a lower power consumption (1.67–5.25 kWh LH2O−1), and saves time by requiring nearly 1.5 cycles less than a counterpart active device. Furthermore, the produced water meets the national drinking standards of a potential technology-adopting country.

Harvesting water vapor from desert, arid environments by metal-organic framework (MOF) based devices to deliver clean, drinkable liquid water is critically dependent on environment and climate conditions. However, reported devices have yet been developed to adapt in real-time to such conditions during their operation, which severely limits water production efficiency and unnecessarily increases power consumption. Herein, we report and detail a new mode of water harvesting operation, termed ‘adaptive water harvesting’, from which a MOF-based device was proven capable of adapting the adsorption and desorption phases of its water harvesting cycle to climate fluctuations throughout a given day, week, month, and year such that its water production efficiency is continuously optimized. In performance evaluation experiments in a desert, arid climate (17-32% RH), the adaptive water harvesting device achieved a 169% increase in water production (3.5 LH2O kgMOF-1 d-1) when compared to the best-performing, reported active device (0.7 – 1.3 LH2O kgMOF-1 d-1 at 10 – 32% RH), a lower power consumption (1.67 – 5.25 kWh LH2O-1), and saved time by requiring nearly 1.5 cycles less than a counterpart active device. Furthermore, the produced water was demonstrated, for the first time, to meet the national drinking standards of a potential technology-adopting country facing considerable water scarcity challenges (Jordan).