Background: Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a gas compound that is colorless, odorless and tasteless. Carbon monoxide comes from incomplete combustion such as burning firewood.Firewood is the main fuel used in tofu manufacturing in tofu factories. Wood-burning smoke in the tofu plant contains CO gas capable of polluting the air, so it can cause disturbance in the form of reddish eyes, quick thirst, headache and shortness of breath. This disorder can occur in exposed to factory workers who are exposed to CO. Carbon Monoxide enters the body at a certain level of exposure causing changes in some of the body's molecules and ultimately disrupts the functioning of the body. One of the organs involved changes due to excessive CO exposure is the liver characterized by increased levels of enzyme Alanin Aminotransferase (ALT). Research Objectives: To analyze the duration of carbon monoxide exposure to the enzyme profile Alanin Aminotranferase. Method: Using Cross Sectional design with 34 respondents. serum of factory workers know checked ALT levels using Mindray BA-88Aspeculator. Data were analyzed using Spearman Correlation test. Result: Exposure time of CO to factory worker to know obtained mean (4.06 years), median (4.00 years), minimum value (1 year) and maximum (7 years). Levels of ALT enzyme in factory workers know obtained mean (33,82 U / L), median (33.00 U / L), minimum value (8 U / L) and maximum value (56 U / L). There is a long relationship of CO exposure to ALT levels (r = 0.783; p <0.001; n = 34). Conclusion: The longer the factory workers know exposed to CO, the higher the ALT level. Factory workers know to reduce carbon monoside exposure by changing jobs and pay attention to the use of personal protective equipment when working.

KEYWORDST2DM; E23K polymorphism of KCNJ11; HOMA-b; Individuals with family history of T2DM; Individuals without family history of T2DM Abstract Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving both genetic and also environmental factors. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) gene, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel-coding gene, contributes to insulin secretion.Objectives: This research aimed to investigate E23K polymorphism in KCNJ11 gene and insulin secretion in individuals with family history of T2DM (cases) and without family history of T2DM (controls).Method: This research was a case-control study involving 34 cases and 34 controls. E23K polymorphism of KCNJ11 was detected with PCR-RFLP. All of the obtained data were statistically analyzed with T-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-Square and One-Way ANOVA.Result: Frequency of AA genotype in individuals with family history of T2DM (41%) was higher than in individuals without family history of T2DM (6%) (p = 0.001). Frequency of A allele in individuals with family history of T2DM (68%) was higher than in individuals without family history of T2DM (38%) (p = 0.001). The risk of A allele in individuals with family history of T2DM was 3 times higher than in individuals without family history of T2DM (p = 0.001, OR 3.38, CI 95% 1.67-6.84). Homeostasis Model Assessment b (HOMA-b) values of AA genotype (85.44% ± 39.55) were lower than that of GA (212.20% ± 79.30) and GG (254.00% ± 61.98) genotypes (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The risk of having A allele in individuals with family history of T2DM is higher than that in individuals without family history of T2DM. HOMA-b values of AA genotype are lower than that of GA and GG genotypes.

Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can cause individuals to experience oxidative stress conditions, accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant activity in protecting cellular components against the attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidized lipid components can produce Malondialdehyde (MDA). Evaluation of MDA can be used as a marker Oxidative stress which can indirectly describe the effects of ROS because ROS compounds are reactive. This study aims to determine the analysis of MDA in T2DM subjects at the Sentinel Public Health Center in Bengkulu City in 2017.research Analytic with a case control study design in 40 samples of T2DM subjects (cases) and 40 Non-DM samples (control) were carried out at the Sentinel DM Health Center in Bengkulu City. Data collection used questionnaires, measurements of Body Mass Index, examination of Fasting Blood Glucose and plasma MDA (spectrophotometry). The results of this study there were differences in characteristics (Gender, Age, BMI, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Glucose) in subjects with T2DM and Non-T2DM in the Bengkulu City Sentinel Health Center in 2017 (p <0,000). There was a significant difference (p= 0,000) in higher MDA levels in patients with T2DM than non-DM subjects. The MDA frequency distribution in the case was MDNormal (24%) and MDA Normal (6%), whereas in the control was MDA Not Normal (26%) and MDA Normal (44%). There were significant differences in MDA frequency distribution between cases and controls (p= 0,000). The subjects of T2DM had a risk of 6.77 times an increase in MDA levels compared to Non-DMT2 (p= 0.000, OR 6.77 IK 95% 2.44-18.73). The correlation between levels of GDP and MDA was statistically significant (p <0.001) with a positive correlation direction (0.340). The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for the development of individual therapy in subjects with T2DM in order to prevent the occurrence of complications early on.

Tinea pedis is a disease that attacks the area between the fingers, soles of the feet, heels, nails and is a source of infection in other areas. Trichophyton rubrum is the cause of 70 % of cases of tinea pedis. Fungal infections are usually treated using antifungal drugs which mostly have limitations, such as poor penetration into certain tissues, narrow spectrum of fungi, high side effects, and resistance of fungi to certain antifungals. Utilization of natural materials is done as an alternative treatment for fungal infections. One of the natural ingredients that has the potential to be used as antifungal is onion (Allium cepa L.). The aim of the study was to determine the ability of onion extract to inhibit the growth of the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. The type of research is Experimental Laboratory. This study used onion extract concentrations of 70 %, 60 %, 50 %, 40 %, control (+) and control (-). Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis Test and Post Hoc Mann Whitney Test. The average diameter of the inhibition zone at the extract concentration of 70 %, 60 %, 50 %, and 40 %, respectively, was 2,01 mm, 1,75 mm, 0,87 mm, and 0.58 mm. The results of the in vitro test using the disc diffusion method showed that onion extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton rubrum with a weak category.

ABSTRACT   Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors. The E23K KCNJ11 gene polymorphism causes KATP canal overactivity, decreases cell membrane depolarization potential, and decreases insulin secretion. E23K polymorphism of the KCNJ11 gene as a risk factor for T2DM. Research Objective: This study aimed to analyze the E23K polymorphism of the KCNJ11 gene as a risk factor for T2DM in the Bengkulu Serawai. Method: This study is a case-control study. The subjects of the study were 100 people with T2DM patients as a case group (50 people) and Non-DM subjects with families who did not have a history of T2DM as a control group (50 people). Fasting blood glucose (GDP) was analyzed by spectrophotometry and E23K KCNJ11 gene by polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Data were analyzed by statistics. Results: The frequency of AA genotypes in cases was higher than the controls (12% and 8%) (p = 0.001). The frequency of A allele in the case was higher than the control (32% and 18%) (p = 0.017). The risk of T2DM on AA / GA genotypes was 4.75 times higher in cases than controls (p = 0,000, OR 4.75 95% CI 2.01-11.24). The risk of T2DM in A allele was 2.14 times higher in cases than in controls (p = 0.017, OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.11-4.15). Conclusion: E23K polymorphism of the KCNJ11 gene as a risk factor for T2DM in Bengkulu Serawai Tribe.   Keywords: E23K gene KCNJ11, DMT2, Non-DMT2.