BSR 2, BSR 3, BSR 8, and BSR 9, different bacteria isolated from the termite gut, have been shown to possess cellulolytic activities, but their amylolytic ability has heretofore been unknown. This study attempted to fill in this knowledge gap. The formation of a clear zone using the iodine test showed that the bacteria were able to produce and secrete amylase. Based on the results, the best cultivation times for strains BSR 2, BSR 3, BSR 8, and BSR 9 were 6, 3, 2, and 2 d, respectively, yielding amylase activities of 2.59 ± 0.13 U/mg, 2.00 ± 0.08 U/mg, 1.67 ± 0.10 U/mg, and 1.55 ± 0.12 U/mg, respectively. BSR 2 had the highest amylase activity compared with the other bacterial isolates. The optimum ph for bacterial amylase activity of BSR 2 was 7.0, and the optimum temperature was 40°C. The molecular characterization of isolates BSR 2, BSR 3, BSR 8, and BSR 9 was based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Isolates BSR 8 and BSR 9 were thus identified as Brevibacillus parabrevis and Brevibacillus sp. With similarities amounting to 92.48% and 95.91%, while the BSR 3 isolate was identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes with a similarity of 94.29%, and the BSR 2 isolate could not be identified yet.

Cellulase has been widely used as biocatalyst in industries. Production of cellulase from microorganisms has many advantages such as short production time and less expense. Our previous study indicated that one of cellulolytic bacteria from digestive tract of milkfi sh (Chanos chanos), namely BSA B1, showed the highest cellulase activity. The objective of this study was to determine the phylogenetic of BSA B1 strain using 16S rRNA gene sequence. Furthermore, this study also determine the specifi c activity of purifi ed cellulase from BSA B1 strain and its potency to hydrolyze Chlorella zofi ngiensis cellulose. Cellulase was purifi ed using ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography. The purifi ed cellulase was used to hydrolyze cellulose of C. zofi ngiensis. The result demonstrated that BSA B1 strain was closely related with Bacillus aerius and Bacillus licheniformis. The specifi c activity of the crude enzyme was 1.543 U mL -1 ; after dialysis was 4.384 U mL -1 ; and after chromatography was 7.543 U mL -1. Purifi ed cellulase exhibited activity in hydrolyzed both CMC and C. zofi ngiensis. Compared to commercial cellulase, purifi ed cellulase had lower activity in hydrolyzed CMC but higher activity in hydrolyzed C. zofi ngiensis. Ethanol dehydration could potentially increase the reducing sugar yield in cellulose hydrolysis when used appropriately. Morphology of C. zofi ngiensis cell has changed after incubation with cellulases and ethanol dehydration indicated degradation of cell wall.