Pre-dialysis BEN patients had a significantly lower mean score of VC than patients with other kidney diseases.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign, mostly asymptomatic condition of an unknown aetiology. Hyperplastic changes in the gallbladder wall cause an overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of the muscular wall, and formation of intramural diverticula or sinus tracts termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is divided on general, segmental and localised. Ultrasound examination, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are used in diagnostic procedure. The importance of the disease lies in the fact that it can cause recurrent right upper quadrant pain so it must be concerned in resolving pain cause. This paper was aimed at explaining the aetiology of the disease, its clinical manifestation, making diagnosis and therapy in order to make its diagnosis and treatment possible.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors and prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) in pre-dialysis and hemodialysis (HD) patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) or other kidney diseases (non-BEN). Materials and Methods: The study involved 115 patients, 32 pre-dialysis and 83 HD patients, separated into groups of BEN and non-BEN patients. In addition to interviews, objective examinations and laboratory analyses, VC was assessed using Adragao score. Results: Patients with BEN were significantly older in both groups, while pre-dialysis BEN patients had significantly lower systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and phosphorus levels, but higher urinary excretion of phosphorus than non-BEN patients. These differences were lost in HD groups. In pre-dialysis patients, prevalence of VC was lower in BEN than in non-BEN group and mean VC score differed significantly between them (2.8 (1.7) vs. 4.6 (1.8); p = 0.009). No significant difference in VC score was found between BEN and non-BEN patients on HD. Multivariate analysis showed that in pre-dialysis patients VC score >4 was associated with lower iPTH and higher serum cholesterol level, but in the HD group with higher serum triglyceride level and longer HD vintage. Conclusions: Lower prevalence of risk factors for VC in the BEN than non-BEN patients was found in pre-dialysis but not in HD group and this was reflected in the prevalence and severity of VC in the groups. Prevalence of VC and mean VC score were significantly lower in pre-dialysis BEN than in non-BEN patients but not for those on HD.

Kratak sadržaj Uvod. Uspješnost izvođenja vaskularnih rekonstrukcija, naročito velikih abdominalnih i torakalnih krvnih sudova, nije promijenila stavove većine onkoloških hirurga koji smatraju da je tumorska invazija vaskularnih struk-tura relativna kontraindikacija za uklanjanje tumora. Cilj rada je pokazati da operacije retroperitonealnih tumora koji su u koliziji sa velikim krvnim sudovima imaju prihvatljiv perioperativni morbiditet i mortalitet u ranom postoperativnom toku i zadovoljavajuće udaljene rezultate. Metode. Rad predstavlja prospektivnu studiju koja obuhvata 46 bolesnika (31 muškarac) starosti između 29 i 84 godina (prosječna starost 58 godina) kod kojih je urađena resekcija i rekonstrukcija visceralnih krvnih sudova retroperitoneuma, tokom hirurške resekcije primarnih i sekundarnih tumora retroperitoneuma. Glavni rezultati mjerenja u ovoj studiji su rani (<30 dana) morbiditet i mortalitet, kasni (>30 dana) vaskularni morbiditet i mortalitet, primarna prohodnost vaskularne rekonstrukcije i preživljavanje. Rezultati. Resekcija donje šuplje vene sa rekonstrukcijom PTFE graftom izvedena је kod 4 bolesnika, а aortna resekcija sa rekonstrukcijom graftom kod 2 bolesnika. Rekonstrukcija portne vene bila je izvedena tokom resekcije neoplazmi pankreasa i neoplazme jetre u 3 bolesnika. Resekcija i rekonstruk-cija gornje mezenterične arterije kod 2 bolesnika, zajedničke ilijačne arterije kod 2, zajedničke ilijačne vene u 3 bolesnika. Lijenalna, femoralna i donja mezenterična arterija rekonstruisane su kod 3 bolesnika. Tridesetodnevni mortalitet bio je 8,7% (4 bolesnika). Opšti tridesetodnevni morbiditet bio je 17,39%, dok rani vaskularni morbiditet uključuje krvarenje na arterijskoj ili venskoj anastomozi kod 2 bolesnika i ranu trombozu vaskularnog grafta kod 2 bolesnika. Primarna prohodnost vaskularne rekonstrukcije za 12 mjeseci bila je 80%, a preživljavanje 56,5%. Tokom perioda praćenja 26 bolesnika je bilo živo, bez recidiva osnovne bolesti. Kumulativna stopa preživljavanja bila je 64,3% i 48,2% za 1 i 3 godine. Zaključak. Istovremene rekonstruktivne vaskularne procedure dozvoljavaju resekciju tumora koji zahvataju vaskularne strukture sa prihvatljivim ranim i kasnim morbiditetom i mortalitetom. Ključne riječi: retroperitonealni tumor, tumorska invazija, krvni sudovi, vaskularna rekonstrukcija Adresa autora: Doc. dr Radmil Marić Studentska 7 b 73300 Foča rmaricr@yahoo.com

Introduction/Objective Activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) results in cell transition from growth phase to synthesis phase of cell cycle. Breast cancer is categorized into prognostic and therapeutic subtypes based upon hormone receptor, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of IGF-1R in а specific subtype invasive breast cancer and its correlation with basic histopathological and immunohistochemical prognostic parameters. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples were obtained from 129 female patients with invasive breast cancer (I-III disease stage) with the follow-up ranging 36-108 months (average 48 months). For immunohistochemical staining, we used monoclonal antibodies for ER, PR, IGF-1R, and polyclonal antibody for HER-2. Results IGF-1R inversely correlated with tumor stage (p = 0.017), tumor grade (p = 0.001), HER-2 (p = 0.003), whereas significant positive correlation was found with multifocality/multicentricity of breast cancer (p = 0.036), ER (p = 0.001) and PR (p = 0.0001) expression. Cox-regression analysis for relapse-free survival (RFS) showed that disease stage (p = 0.039) and HER-2 (p = 0.033) were independent prognostic factors. IGF-1R did not predict clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer (p = 0.488, Kaplan-Meier test for RFS). Conclusion Patients with low stage and grade hormone-dependent breast cancer had a significantly higher IGF-1R expression than patients with triple negative or HER-2 overexpressed cancer. The present findings also highlight that IGF-1R expression in multicentric/multifocal breast cancer supports the key roles in tumor initiation.