IZVLEČEKUvod: Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da je tvegano ali škodljivo uživanje alkohola med starostniki prisotno v obsegu med 5 % in 23 % te populacije. Z raziskavo smo želeli preučiti pojavnost uživanja alkohola v starosti v povezavi z demografskimi dejavniki, socialno vključenostjo in samooceno zdravja. Metode: Uporabljen je bil standardizirani vprašalnik Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test -Geriatric version (SMAST-G). Nenaključno so bili vključeni starostniki nad 65 let, živeči v domačem okolju, ki so razumeli besedilo. Podatke smo obdelali z opisno statistiko in testom hi-kvadrat. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je med starostniki 30,0 % takšnih, ki imajo možne težave z alkoholom. Statistična značilnost večjega uživanja alkohola se je pokazala pri nižji izobrazbi (χ 2 = 12,255, p = 0,007) ter pri moškem spolu (χ 2 = 14,641, p < 0,001). Ugotovili smo statistično povezanost uživanja alkohola s samooceno zdravja (χ 2 = 12,085, p = 0,017) ter s posameznimi spremenljivkami socialne vključenosti, in sicer z oceno socialnih odnosov (χ 2 = 14,124, p < 0,001) in z (ne)obstojem osebnih ciljev za prihodnost (χ 2 = 12,156, p = 0,016). Diskusija in zaključek: Uživanje alkohola se pri starostnikih povezuje s slabšo kakovostjo socialnih odnosov in nižjo samooceno zdravja. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po zvišanju znanja starostnikov o vplivih uživanja alkohola na zdravje, na potrebo po njihovi integraciji v socialno okolje ter po nadaljnjem raziskovanju problema uživanja alkohola v starosti. ABSTRACT Introduction:Research conducted to date indicates that from 5 % to 23 % of the elderly consume alcohol. The aim of the research was to examine the occurrence of alcohol consumption among the elderly in relation to demographic factors, social inclusion and relationships, and self-assessment of health. Methods: We used the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test -Geriatric version standardized questionnaire. The research included non-randomly selected elderly people above 65 years of age, who were living at home and could understand the text. The data was processed with the descriptive analysis and chisquare test. Results: The research found that 30.0 % of the elderly have potential alcohol problems. Statistical significance was revealed in lower education and drinking (χ 2 = 12.255, p = 0.007), and male gender and drinking (χ 2 = 14.641, p < 0.001). We established a statistical correlation between the self-assessment of health and drinking (χ 2 = 12.085, p = 0.017), with assessment of social relationships (χ 2 = 14.124, p < 0.001) and with (non-)existence of future personal aims (χ 2 = 12.156, p = 0.016). Discussion and conclusion: Alcohol consumption among the elderly is related to poorer quality of social relationships and self-assessment of health. The research reveals the need to increase the knowledge of the elderly regarding alcohol consumption, their integration into social environments, and further research of the problem of alcohol consumption among the elderly.

Background:Obviously a very high proportion of nursing home residents exhibit the clinical signs of dementia, which affect the independence of the impaired individual. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of independence of the residents in performing basic life activities.Methods:The research examines 233 residents of both sexes, with a clinical diagnosis of dementia that are aged 65 years and over that have resided in one of the four Ljubljana municipality nursing homes for at least one year prior to the begin of the study. The autonomy in carrying out 11 basic live activities was measured on a three-level scale and their cognitive skills with a quick test of cognitive abilities (KPSS). The data was processed with SPSS, ver. 13.0 through methods of descriptive statistics, t-test for two independent samples and the variance analysis (ANOVA).Results:The examined population sample shows a high cognitive decline measured on the KPSS scale, as 50.2% of subjects in mid-stage reached ≤ 24-11 points and 43.4% of those in the late-stage reached ≤ 10-0 points in the scale (out of 30 in total). Those in the early stage reached ≤ 29-25 points in only 6.4 % of the examined population. The significant findings may thus indicate a high overall average depending on the implementation of all 11 life activities (x = 2.57) on the three-level scale (1 being self-sufficient, 2 and 3 standing for partially dependent and entirely dependent, respectively).Conclusions:The examined nursing home residents in the sample, suffering from dementia, show a high degree of dependency in performing basic life activities. The survey results so far present a starting point for the planning of programmes for increasing involvement of residents in psychosocial activities, through practical exercises in self-sufficiency through implementation of fundamental life activities.

Uvod: Neustrezna obravnava bolečine pri obolelih za demenco je neposredno povezana s slabšim kognitivnim funkcioniranjem, izgubo komunikacijskih sposobnosti ter omejitvami pri izražanju bolečine. Namen prispevka je predstavitev znanstvenih dokazov s področja ocene bolečine pri obolelih za demenco. Metode: Uporabljen je sistematični pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature, omejene na objave v angleščini, nemščini in slovenščini ter izdajo v časovnem obdobju 2007-2013. Izbor člankov je bil določen glede na naslednje kriterije: dostopnost, znanstvenost, vsebinska ustreznost in aktualnost. Podatki so bili po izboru obdelani s kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo. Rezultati: Z vsebinsko analizo 16 znanstvenih besedil so podana temeljna izhodišča za oceno in obravnavo bolečine pri obolelih za demenco. Tako je bilo identificiranih pet vsebinskih kategorij: razlogi za bolečino, spremljajoči znaki, instrumenti za ugotavljanje bolečine, zdravstvena obravnava in vloga medicinske sestre. Diskusija in zaključek: Priporoča se, da se ocena bolečine pri obolelih za demenco obravnava celostno v kontekstu vedenjskih motenj, funkcioniranja in življenjskih pogojev. Na podlagi izsledkov bi bilo potrebno za obolele za demenco uporabiti primeren instrumentarij, ki bo del standarda kakovostne obravnave, saj obstajajo omejitve v zvezi s preverjanjem v klinični praksi.

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Introduction: Personality and behaviour disorders include enduring personality changes which cannot be attributed to brain injury or disease. Traumatic experiences can cause personality vulnerability. The research aimed to determine the characteristic enduring personality changes, the risk factors and the quality of life of patients living in their home environment. Methods: The field research is based on a quantitative method. The data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted n = 606 of patients (18.56 %) from the Central Slovenia region, aged between 20 and 92 years. The data were processed using descriptive statistics, the χ 2 test, group classification and discriminant analysis. Results: The enduring personality changes are present in 9 % (n = 53) of the patients who tend to be older, with lesser educational attainment. Only a quarter of the enduring personality changes patients (n = 10) are receiving psychiatric treatment. Among the groups of patients with or without enduring personality changes statistically significant differences have been observed in relation to their past experiences with a traumatic event (p < 0.001), level of independence in the performance of the activities of daily living (p < 0.001), incidence rate of chronic pain (p = 0.002), social integration (p = 0.016), suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001) and incidence rate of comorbidity of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusion: Results of the study point to the share of enduring personality changes patients living at home in which the condition remains largely unrecognized, untreated and shadowed by other mental and physical health issues. Community nurses play a crucial role in timely recognition and detection of the changes and the patients' referral to multidisciplinary treatment. A national research project conducted by community nurses is needed to highlight the prevalence, treatment and good practice in the delivery of pertinent services. IZVLEČEKUvod: Med motnje osebnosti in vedenja odraslih uvrščamo trajne osebnostne spremembe, ki jih ni mogoče pripisati možganski poškodbi ali bolezni. Travmatične izkušnje lahko povzročijo osebnostno ranljivost. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti značilnost trajnih osebnostnih sprememb, dejavnike tveganja ter kakovost življenja pacientov v domačem okolju. Metode: Terenska raziskava temelji na kvantitativni metodi dela. Podatki so bili zbrani z anketiranjem 606 pacientov (18,56 %) na območju osrednjeslovenske regije, starih od 20 do 92 let. Uporabili smo strukturirani vprašalnik. Podatki so bili obdelani z opisno statistiko, preizkusom χ 2 , razvrščanjem v skupine in diskriminantno analizo. Rezultati: Trajne osebnostne spremembe so prisotne pri 9 % (n = 53) pacientov, ki so starejši in manj izobraženi. Le četrtina (n = 10) se jih zdravi pri psihiatru. Med skupinama pacientov, ki imajo oziroma nimajo trajnih osebnostnih sprememb, so prisotne statistično značilne razlike glede izkušenj s travmatičnim dogodkom (p < 0,001), stopnje samostojn...