Counterfeiting of material goods is a general problem. In this paper an architecture for verifiable distribution of material goods is presented. This distribution is based on printing such a QR code on goods, which would contain digitally signed serial number of the product, and validity of this digital signature could be verifiable by a customer. Extension consisting of adding digital signatures to revenue stamps used for state-controlled goods is also presented. Discussion on possibilities in making copies leads to conclusion that cryptographic security needs to be completed by technical difficulties of copying.
AbstraktOsmiznakových řetězců složených z malých a velkých písmen české abecedy a číslic existuje zhruba 6 × 10 15 . Drtivou většinu z takových hesel si však nikdo není schopen zapamatovat, protože se ani vzdáleně neasociují s žádným "rozumným" obsahem. V tomto textu docházíme k odhadu, že počet smysluplných českých vět o čtyřech až pěti slovech je určitě o několik desítkových řádů vyšší (a nezáleží přitom příliš ani na tom, zda použijeme nějaké velké písmeno), přičemž takto tvořená hesla se navíc dají snadno zapamatovat. Dále ukazujeme několik jednoduchých způsobů, jak rozšířit "prostor" takto tvořených hesel až k hranicím kolem 10 40 teoreticky možných řetězců, aniž by se pro uživatele příliš zkomplikovala zapamatovatelnost zvoleného hesla. Tím nabízíme metodu efektivní tvorby silných hesel.Klíčová slova: Heslo, čeština, abeceda, gramatika, bezpečnost. AbstractThere is about 6 × 10 15 eight-character strings from Czech small and capital letters and numbers. The vast majority of such passwords is impossible to remember because of no association with any "reasonable" contents. In this paper we come to an estimate that the number of meaningful Czech sentences containing 4-5 words is certainly by several decimal orders higher (even without distinguishing small and capital letters), and passwords created in this way are easy to remember. Further we show some simple ways to extend the "space" of such passwords up to ca. 10 40 theoretically possible strings without significantly complicating the possibility to remember the chosen password. A method for efficient generation of strong passwords is thus offered.
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