We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the oral maxillo-facial and ENT specialties for helping us to reach the final diagnosis.

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread over the globe, and several oral symptoms have been documented. However, it is unclear whether these lesions are the result of coronavirus infection or are secondary symptoms of the patient’s systemic illness. The aim of this study was to collect data from various hospitals on COVID-19 patients with oral involvement in order to highlight different oral changes that may be manifested in those patients. Methods. This observational cross-sectional multicenter study used an online questionnaire covering oral signs and symptoms that were believed to be related to COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in different hospitals in Egypt. Results. 94.3% of the 210 patients who participated in the current study developed oral symptoms. Altered taste sensation (56.2%), burning sensation (43.3%), and oral candidiasis (40%) were the most prevalent oral symptoms (34.4%) that were found in the studied sample. Conclusions. COVID-19 has a major influence on the oral cavity, with numerous oral symptoms that may impair quality of life. Thus, considering the need for support, pain control, and management for a better prognosis, the clinical dental evaluation of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases like COVID-19 should be addressed.

Background There is a general assumption that periodontal disease is highly prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of the study to estimate the frequency of periodontitis in patients on hemodialysis among a sample of the Egyptian population, as well as the correlation between different clinical parameters of periodontal status with serum creatinine and blood urea. This may rule out the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and renal failure in patients on hemodialysis. Methods The study was conducted on 263 hemodialysis patients (165 males and 98 females) at three dialysis centers in Benha Governorate, Egypt (Benha Hospital, Tukh hospital, Qalyub hospital). Periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) had been recorded in these patients. Serum urea and creatinine levels had been measured, the data had been collected and undergone statistical analysis. Results Frequency of periodontitis was 85.6% with stage III is the most prevalent stage. There was a significant positive strong correlation between age and periodontitis stage (rs = 0.707, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between clinical parameters and serum creatinine level. Conclusion In the present study, a high frequency of periodontitis had been found among ESRD patients on hemodialysis in the severe form (stage III) periodontitis. There was a significant direct correlation between the severity of periodontitis and CAL with a duration of hemodialysis. There was a weak insignificant association between periodontal indices (PD, BOP, and plaque score) and duration of hemodialysis.

Background: The present study was aimed to measure the salivary level of IL-17 in patients having atrophic and erosive Oral lichen planus lesions (OLP) and to evaluate the effect of topical corticosteroids used for treatment of erosive/atrophic oral lichen planus on the level of IL-17 in the saliva. Subjects and methods:The present study was performed on 40 subjects divided into 3 groups Group (I) Twenty patients diagnosed with erosive/atrophic OLP received topical steroid (triamcinolone acetonide0.1%) four times per day for four weeks. Group (II) Ten patients diagnosed with reticular OLP and Group (III) Ten patients with normal mucosa (healthy control Group). Salivary samples were collected before and after treatment in group (I) and once from subjects in group (II) and (III) for determination of IL-17 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:The mean IL-17 levels in saliva of erosive/atrophic OLP group were statistically significantly higher before treatment with topical steroid than after treatment and both are statistically significantly higher than the reticular group and healthy control subjects. Also, the clinical score and pain visual analogue score values were statistically significantly higher in the erosive/atrophic group before treatment than after treatment. Conclusions:The salivary levels of IL-17 in erosive/atrophic OLP patients was higher than the reticular OLP patients and both are higher than the healthy control subjects, suggesting that IL-17 has a major role in the pathogenesis of OLP and its salivary level may be diagnostic for the severity of the condition of the erosive/atrophic OLP.

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