This study aimed to reveal the level of burnout among the faculty members in private universities in Jordan and the effect of gender and experience variables on it. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method. The study was applied to a random sample of (203) faculty members, who were chosen through a comprehensive survey method, with (169) males and (34) females. A job burnout questionnaire was developed, and its validity and reliability were verified. The results of the study showed that the mean of the job burnout of the total degree came with a high degree. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of job burnout of the total degree attributed to the gender variable and in favor of females. Moreover, the results showed that there were apparent differences in the arithmetic averages on the total score for the level of job burnout with different levels of experience variable, and in favor of those with less than five years of experience.

The current research aimed at discussing the use of the Cooperative Learning strategy and its applications in AAU English courses. The researchers collected the data from several online resources and books. A questionnaire was developed as another assessment tool and was distributed to Amman Arab University students. The sample was 600 students from all faculties. In addition to conducting interviews with English Doctors at Amman Arab University to inquire about their teaching strategies and methods and the extent to which they apply them. The findings of the interviews were very positive. In consensus, they preferred face-to-face instruction as well as various cooperative strategies. Moreover, the results of the questionnaires showed that students’ attitudes towards Cooperative Learning were high, as the means reached (3.810) with a standard deviation of (0.507). Furthermore, students aged twenty years and over displayed more interest and involvement concerning the Cooperative Learning strategies than others. Regarding the gender variable, it was in favor of the females. Some recommendations were suggested to be implemented in teaching English.

The purpose of this study is to construct a digital culture test in light of the Item Response Theory and to investigate its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of six hundred fifty (650) male and female students in the eighth grade from the Directorate of Education and Teaching of Salt District. To obtain the results, the descriptive approach was used. The results showed that the items have acceptable indicators of discrimination and extend on the continuum of difficulty adequately. The validity and reliability of the test were verified by using several methods, including content validity and internal consistency. The study findings showed that most of the test items fit the assumptions of the two-parameter logistic model. The results also displayed statistically significant differences in the arithmetic means of the digital culture test due to gender in favor of female students. Moreover, the outcomes presented statistically significant differences attributed to the education sector variable favoring the private sector. Keywords: Digital Culture Test, IRT, Psychometric Properties, Teaching.

The current study aimed at identifying the Psychometric Properties of attitudes scale towards electronic tests among graduate students, the researchers briefly explained various electronic test types used to asses students achievement. The study's significance lied in providing a valid and reliable scale, as well as demonstrating the appropriateness of electronic tests whether they meet the aims of distance education or not. Thus, universities can develop the tests' quality and improve them. The sample of the study consisted of ( 690) students (male and female) of the Amman Arab University. A scale of (56) items was built for the study. Different procedures were done to assure the validity of the scale such as Exploratory factor analysis, construct validity, and discriminatory validity, as for the reliability Cronbach's Alpha, Split Half, Standard Error of Estimate, and Hoyt equation were used. All these indications showed appropriate and reasonable results for the scale. The arithmetic means and standard deviations of students' attitudes towards electronic tests were calculated. The statistical results showed that the attitude scale has acceptable psychometric properties, as students had positive ones. It also showed statistical differences in students' attitudes attributed to gender in favour of female students due to their personal circumstances. However, there were no statistical differences found attributed to faculty or to the interaction between faculty and gender. The general results of this scale could encourage other researchers to implement it on various universities in different countries and to integrate technology with traditional teaching in their coming courses.

This study aims to identify the purposes of passive construction in political news reports. The study also examines how the use of passive voice affects readers' attitudes towards political issues. The use of passive voice can lead to ambiguity, affecting the clarity of meaning by hiding the identity of the doer of the action. However, being vague about the doer of the action is primarily deliberate in political news to serve particular purposes. To collect data, the researchers refer to three newspapers, namely The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Guardian. Some articles discussing political issues were carefully chosen from those newspapers. The analysis of the results reveals that the passive voice is used in the selected political news reports to fulfill four main purposes; first, when the journalist emphasizes the action rather than the doer of the action, he omits by phrase, replacing it with marginal information. Second, when the subject of the sentence is the core of the discussion, the journalist ends the passive sentence with by phrase. Third, passive construction is used when political news writers avoid assigning responsibility to anybody. Fourth, the passive is used in political reports with modal auxiliaries when the writers want to express their opinion clearly about what is possible, necessary, or prohibited. The analysis of results also reveals that the use of passive voice can contribute actively to changing the attitudes and views of the recipients.