La arqueología ha revelado recientemente la existencia de una importante revitalización urbana en Córdoba durante el Califato Almohade, apenas tratada hasta ahora por la historiografía, centrada principalmente en su pasado omeya. Por un lado, se ha observado una importante inversión del poder almohade en elementos defensivos y palatinos, acaso por tratarse en estas fechas de un centro fundamental en la conceptualización histórica de al-Andalus y en la lucha contra los reinos cristianos; por otro, se ha documentado un importante crecimiento orgánico y privado extramuros. Todo ello coincidió con su elección como capital andalusí en 557/1162 por ‘Abd al-Mu’min, lo que suponía un hito fundamental para la legitimación de su nuevo califato. Tras su muerte pocos meses después, Abū Ya‘qūb Yūsuf hizo regresar la corte a Sevilla, creando un importante cambio de rumbo en la política almohade que no afectó al resurgir urbano de la antigua sede omeya. En realidad, Córdoba seguiría muy presente en la mentalidad colectiva andalusí durante el gobierno almohade, manteniéndose como referente principal del esplendor pasado y como núcleo esencial de la tradición mālikī.
Andalusi residential architecture is often described through planimetry or its internal constructive materiality. However, the real architectural vision of those who inhabited or visited Andalusi palaces or houses was completed by an important decorative epidermis that covered the structural materials and gave these Islamic buildings their final visual impact. Traditionally, the three-dimensional stone and plaster ornamentation has been the most analysed; the pictorial decoration that widely covered plinths has rarely been studied as a whole, despite the numerous remnants documented in recent decades. In this work, we propose a holistic and synthetic approach to this decorative architectural element, from its technical elaboration to its role in the three-dimensionality of Andalusi residential spaces. We also address its influences and its aesthetic evolution over the centuries.
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