This article analyzes the social economy (SE) as a third major sector between the public economy and the capitalist private economy. It examines the SE concept, compares it with the nonprofit sector and analyzes its microeconomic foundations, functions in the economic system and implications for economic policy. The field of economic analysis needs to be broadened, abandoning the mainstream monism that emphasizes the study of capitalist private enterprises and taking a plural view of the economy. In this approach, other forms of business organization, particularly SE enterprises, become a priority for analysis, opening up new scientific, social and economic vistas.
**: In recent years a new context has emerged in Europe characterized by a larger growing Europe, the creation of a new European platform for social economy named ‘Social Economy Europe’ and an improvement in research, networks and initiatives in this area from certain European Institutions such as the European Social and Economic Committee.
This paper focuses on recurrent, but needing clarification, topics such as the question of definitions, the national recognition of the concept of Social Economy and the size of this European third sector. It begins with a proposition of a conceptual delimitation of the Social Economy and of the different classes of company and organization that belong to it. Second, it identifies the different agents which, irrespective of their legal form, are part of the Social Economy in each of the member states of the European Union and to compare the different national definitions that are related to the Social Economy concept. Finally, it provides quantitative data on the European Social Economy.
En los últimos quince años han irrumpido en el escenario político, económico y científico términos como la innovación social, la economía colaborativa, la empresa social, la responsabilidad social empresarial, la ciudadanía corporativa, la economía circular, la economía del bien común, la economía solidaria y las prácticas económicas alternativas. La irrupción de este nuevo léxico se ha hecho patente durante la última crisis y en el contexto de transformación estructural de las economías occidentales. Conforman paradigmas que nacen en el contexto de deslegitimación del modelo económico imperante basado en la empresa maximizadora de beneficios y poniendo en valor la dimensión social.El objeto del presente artículo es analizar estas nociones emergentes y compararlas con el ya consolidado concepto de la economía social. Para ello, en primer lugar y como punto de referencia, se presenta el concepto de economía social, su sentido socioeconómico y epistemológico y sus dimensiones cuantitativas actuales en Europa. En segundo lugar, se estudia cada una de estas nociones emergentes abordando su contenido, su grado de institucionalización académica y social y finalmente el grado de notoriedad alcanzado. En tercer lugar, se realiza una interpretación de la aparición de estas nociones y se ofrece un marco de análisis para su comparación con el concepto de economía social. El artículo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones.
In the article, we analyse the impact of changing policy environments on the development of the third sector in Europe. Based on the results of systematic comparative research in eight European countries
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