RESUMEN mosférica (K 0) y la emisividad atmosférica (ε atm asfalto, concreto, poliestireno con pintura elastomérica blanca (PPEB), arcilla y césped. Se encontró que para un ciclo de 24 h de medición, el mayor valor promedio de radiación neta fue para el asfalto (146.1 Wm-2), y el menor valor promedio para el PPEB (33.6 Wm-2). Los valores estimados de albedo varían de acuerdo K 0 y ε atm dependen de las condiciones atmosféricas prevalentes. A partir de las mediciones se propusieron modelos estadísticos preliminares de la radiación neta en función de la determinación superiores a 0.97. Se analizan las probables implicaciones de los resultados encontrados en el medio urbanizado. ABSTRACT paper attempts to quantify this balance over different surface types in an arid city of northwest Mexico over several days in August 2011. The albedo of each surface type, as well as local atmospheric properties such as the atmospheric clearness index (K 0) and atmospheric emissivity (ε atm), were estimated. The surfaces on which measurements were performed were asphalt, concrete, polystyrene painted with white elastomeric paint (PWEP), clay, and grass. It was found that, for a 24-h cycle of measurement, the highest average value of net radiation was for asphalt (146.1 Wm-2), and the lowest average value was for PWEP (33.6 Wm-2). Estimates of albedo values vary depending on the surface, whereas K 0 and ε atm are dependent on prevailing atmospheric conditions. From these measurements, preliminary statistical models of net radiation as a function determination were higher than 0.97. We discuss the likely implications of the results found for the urban planning of the city.
RESUMENLos riesgos climáticos a nivel urbano son promovidos principalmente por los cambios de coberturas que la urbanización impone. Esos cambios alteran la temperatura en la baja atmósfera y pone en riesgo a sus habitantes. En la ciudad de Mexicali, México, durante buena parte del año prevalecen altas temperaturas, por lo que se requieren equipos de aire acondicionado para satisfacer el confort térmico. En esta comunicación se evalúa el impacto energético, económico y ambiental como resultado de una urbanización no planificada. Se presenta una comparación teórica del desempeño de un equipo de 5 toneladas operando en dos zonas urbanas. Una de ellas presenta planeación homogénea, la otra crecimiento heterogéneo. Utilizando un anemómetro sónico ubicado a 20 metros de altura, se registraron las temperaturas del aire en ambos sitios. Estos datos se procesaron en un modelo de regresión lineal deducido del manual del equipo. Se sustituyeron las temperaturas registradas, obteniéndose el consumo eléctrico. Los resultados indican que la zona heterogénea consume 24,700 KWh por encima de la planificada; generando un costo extra de $3,195 USA y emitiendo 17,032 kg de CO 2 . Se discuten algunas implicaciones que generan estos dos diferentes esquemas de distribución urbana.Palabras clave: aire acondicionado, consumo de energía, emisiones de CO 2 , urbanización. ABSTRACTAt urban level, climate risks are promoted primarily by changes in coverage that urbanization imposes. These alter the temperature in the lower atmosphere and threatens its inhabitants. In the city of Mexicali, Mexico, for much of the year prevailing high temperatures, so air conditioner equipment are required. In this communication, energy, economic and environmental impacts as a result of unplanned urbanization is evaluated. A theoretical performance comparison of a 5 tons equipment operating in two urban areas is presented. One presents homogeneous planning, the other heterogeneous growth. Using a sonic anemometer located 20 meters high, air temperatures were recorded at
mosférica (K 0 ) y la emisividad atmosférica (ε atm asfalto, concreto, poliestireno con pintura elastomérica blanca (PPEB), arcilla y césped. Se encontró que para un ciclo de 24 h de medición, el mayor valor promedio de radiación neta fue para el asfalto (146.1 Wm -2 ), y el menor valor promedio para el ). Los valores estimados de albedo varían de acuerdo K 0 y ε atm dependen de las condiciones atmosféricas prevalentes. A partir de las mediciones se propusieron modelos estadísticos preliminares de la radiación neta en función de la determinación superiores a 0.97. Se analizan las probables implicaciones de los resultados encontrados en el medio urbanizado. ABSTRACT paper attempts to quantify this balance over different surface types in an arid city of northwest Mexico over several days in August 2011. The albedo of each surface type, as well as local atmospheric properties such as the atmospheric clearness index (K 0 ) and atmospheric emissivity (ε atm ), were estimated. The surfaces on which measurements were performed were asphalt, concrete, polystyrene painted with white elastomeric paint (PWEP), clay, and grass. It was found that, for a 24-h cycle of measurement, the highest average value of net radiation was for asphalt ), and the lowest average value was for PWEP ). Estimates of albedo values vary depending on the surface, whereas K 0 and ε atm are dependent on prevailing atmospheric conditions. From these measurements, preliminary statistical models of net radiation as a function determination were higher than 0.97. We discuss the likely implications of the results found for the urban planning of the city.
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