Background In transanal minimally-invasive surgery (TAMIS), the closure of the rectal defect is controversial, and endoluminal suture is one of the most challenging aspects. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the short- and medium-term complications of a consecutive series of patients with extraperitoneal rectal injuries who underwent TAMIS without closure of the rectal defect. Materials and Methods A prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study conducted between August 2013 and July 2019 in which all patients with extraperitoneal rectal lesions, who were operated on using the TAMIS technique, were consecutively included. The lesions were: benign lesions ≥ 3 cm; neuroendocrine tumors ≤ 2 cm; adenocarcinomas in stage T1N0; and adenocarcinomas in stage T2N0, with high surgical risk, or with the patients reluctant to undergo radical surgery, and others with doubts about complete remission after the neoadjuvant therapy. Bleeding, infectious complications, rectal stenosis, perforations, and death were evaluated. Results A total of 35 patients were treated using TAMIS without closure of the defect. The average size of the lesions was of 3.68 ± 2.1 cm (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.7 cm to 9 cm), their average distance from the anal margin was of 5.7 ± 1.48 cm, and the average operative time was of 39.2 ± 20.5 minutes, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 1 year. As for the pathologies, they were: 15 adenomas; 3 carcinoid tumors; and 17 adenocarcinomas. In all cases, the rectal defect was left open.The overall morbidity was of 14.2%. Two patients (grade II in the Clavien-Dindo classification) were readmitted for pain treatment, and three patients (grade III in the Clavien-Dindo classification) were assisted due to postoperative bleeding, one of whom required reoperation. Conclusion The TAMIS technique without closure of the rectal defect yields good results, and present a high feasibility and low complication rate.
Resumen: Introducción: La colocación de stent/prótesis colónicas metálicas autoexpansibles por vía endoscópica surge como opción terapéutica para la obstrucción colónica neoplásica en dos situaciones: tratamiento paliativo y puente a la cirugía. Este procedimiento permite evitar cirugías en dos tiempos y disminuir la probabilidad de colostomía definitiva con el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida y complicaciones asociadas la misma. Objetivos: Comunicar nuestra experiencia en la colocación de prótesis colónicas en la obstrucción neoplásica como tratamiento paliativo en nuestro medio, tras 10 años de experiencia. Diseño: Prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional. Material y métodos: Desde agosto de 2008 a diciembre de 2019, se analizaron todos los pacientes a quienes el mismo grupo de endoscopistas colocaron PAE con intención paliativa por CCR avanzado. Fueron analizadas las variables demográficas, clínicas, el éxito técnico, el éxito clínico, la sobrevida, las complicaciones tempranas y tardías, así como su resolución. Resultados: Se colocaron un total de 54 prótesis autoexpansibles. La media de edad fue 71 años. El 85% de las lesiones se localizaron en colon izquierdo. El 58% de los casos (31 pacientes) se realizaron en forma ambulatoria. El éxito técnico y clínico fue del 92% y 98% respectivamente. Con una sobrevida promedio de 209 días. Conclusiones: Estos 10 años de experiencia nos permiten concluir que la colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpansibles como tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción neoplásica colónica es eficaz, segura, se puede realizar tanto en forma ambulatoria como con internación breve, permitiendo la externación y alimentación oral temprana, mejorando las condiciones para afrontar un eventual tratamiento quimioterapéutico paliativo.
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