No abstract

Power transmission networks are crucial. Every country requires the means to transport and deliver energy, whether produced locally or in foreign countries. The paper deals with transnational powertransmission networks, those aimed at delivering energy across borders. It considers the challenges posed by transposing to the legal and regulatory fields the unique features of power grids in order to foster transnational network interconnections and unrestrained power transit under international law. The European Union 2020 Energy Policy and the European Transmission System, though still unsuccessful in achieving the creation of a single electricity market, serve as a case study for an enhanced model of regulation, with emphasis on the enforceability of power trading and transit across national borders. The research advances that a well-framed, technically-based, dedicated scope for transnational power grid interconnections and energy transit, at regional level, into ongoing international trading schemes such as the WTO or an improved Energy Charter Treaty, would further international power trading and synchronisation of energy matrices as drivers for international law to achieve greater legitimacy and enforceability.

The protection of Mexico’s biodiversity is hampered by regulatory uncertainty and unclear distribution of competences across different levels of government. A comprehensive set of measures at both the government and the community level, including exchange of information, coordination, awareness, and active involvement of local communities, is needed. La protección de la biodiversidad de México se ha visto obstaculizada por la incertidumbre regulatoria y la distribución poco clara de competencias entre los diferentes niveles de gobierno. Se necesita un conjunto integral de medidas tanto a nivel gubernamental como comunitario, incluyendo el intercambio de información, la coordinación, la concientización y la participación activa de las comunidades locales.