No abstract

Resumen. Se analizó el tratamiento ideal usando baños termotratados para la separación de cal de los residuos de descarne, del proceso de curtición semiartesanal desarrollado en Sampués, Departamento de Sucre (Colombia). Para su desarrollo se seleccionó una muestra de carnaza representativa, homogénea y con menos tiempo de almacenamiento. Dicha muestra se redujo al tamaño de 1 cm 2 y se conservó refrigerada para posteriormente realizar los análisis de grasa, pH y presencia de cal. Los baños termotratados de desencalado se realizaron a tres temperaturas diferentes (26, 30 y 35 ºC). Se utilizó como agente desencalante el ácido sulfúrico en tres concentraciones (3, 2 y 1 N). Además se usó un sistema de agitación simulando el bombo en proceso industrial. Se llevaron a cabo nueve pruebas con tres repeticiones para mayor confiabilidad de los datos, en donde se determinó la correlación existente entre las variables independientes, temperatura y concentración, sobre la cal impregnada y los resultados de grasa en cada una de las muestras en un tiempo de 4 y 8 h.Finalmente el estudio demostró que se puede retirar la cal y mantener el porcentaje de grasa, en los residuos de descarne, manteniendo una temperatura en el bombo de 30 °C y una concentración de ácido sulfúrico de 2 ó 1 N durante 4 h.Palabras clave. Baños termotratados, Cal, Carnaza, Curtiembre, Descarnado, Desencalado. Analysis of the ideal treatment using baths thermo-treated for the separation of lime of the residues when flesh is stripped from animal in tanneries

A degree of acceptance of a paste based on orejero seeds (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) was determined with a preference test, for 9 formulations of spreadable pasta, in which was varied the content of pulp, milk and panela. To the formulation with most preferred a categorical scale test by attribute was performed (texture, color, aroma and flavor) with a group of 100 untrained panelists. The results obtained were implemented the corresponding frequency analysis. Furthermore, it was characterized physicochemical, microbiological and textually, determining its ability to be spreadable with a test of retro-extrusion. The formulation that presented better acceptance was F4 (25.6% seed pulp, 69.1% milk, 5.3% panela), which had a high protein content (28.37%), Carbohydrates (30.39%), fiber (13.48) and a good spreadability. Although, was no significant differences in spreadability with the formulation F1 (69% pulp, 2.8% milk) and F3 (28.1% Panela, 79.1% pulp, 2.8% milk, 18.1%).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color changes in avocado puree by Computer Vision System analysis as a useful parameter to determine inhibitory behavior of lyophilized avocado seed, fresh seed, seed coat and citric acid on enzymatic browning during storage at room temperature and cooling. Enzymatic browning can be an undesirable phenomenon in many fruits and vegetables producing color alterations. These can reduce commercial value of food products, or even make them unacceptable to consumers. Following up this reaction through low cost and easy to use technological tools is very important to avoid quality losses. In this research study, different samples of avocado puree were prepared and analyzed under cooling and room storage. Color changes were analyzed using the CIEL*a*b, h° and C* coordinates and Color Index (CI) was calculated. For both storage conditions, L* value decreased for control and sample with citric acid added and CCI calculated did not show significant differences among analyzed samples. However, a maximum CIC value was obtained for the sample treated with citric acid and a minimum for the sample with lyophilized seed, which might give indications of inhibitory action of seed, independently of storage conditions. Through use of chromatic techniques, it was possible to follow color variations in avocado puree effectively.