Justificación de la Guía de cribado del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, 2014 El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la tercera neoplasia más frecuen-te en el mundo en las mujeres. El cribado de mujeres sanas mediante citología cervical ha demostrado claramente su eficacia, puesto que su aplicación de forma adecuada y sistemática en determinados paí-ses ha conseguido reducir en un 70-80% la incidencia y mortalidad por CCU. Este beneficio se debe a la detección de lesiones premalignas asintomáticas cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento evita su progresión a carcinoma invasor. En las dos últimas décadas, múltiples estudios han aportado una só-lida evidencia que confirma al virus del papiloma humano (VPH) como agente causal de la práctica totalidad de los casos de CCU y de sus lesio-nes precursoras. Un número limitado de genotipos de VPH de alto ries-go oncogénico (VPH-AR) está causalmente implicado. Concretamente, los VPH 16 y 18 explican el 70% de los CCU y otros 10 tipos (VPH 45, 31, 33, 52, 58, 35, 59, 56, 51 y 39) explican el 25-35% de los casos restantes. Esta información ha permitido establecer un nuevo modelo de carcino-génesis basado en la persistencia de la infección por VPH como ele-mento necesario para el desarrollo de lesiones precursoras y CCU. Sin embargo, más del 90% de las infecciones por VPH son transitorias y, por tanto, irrelevantes desde el punto de vista oncogénico. Durante los pri-meros años de vida sexual se observa una elevada incidencia de infec-ción, pero la mayoría de estas infecciones son transitorias y desaparecen espontáneamente. Las mujeres mayores de 30 años experimentan una clara disminución de la prevalencia de la infección por VPH, pero un
Objectives: The aim of our study was to construct a model of customized birth weight curves based on a Spanish population and to compare the ability of this customized model to our population-based chart to predict a neonatal ponderal index (PI) <10th percentile. Methods: We developed a model that can predict the 10th percentile for a fetus according to gestational age and gender as well as maternal weight, height, and age. We compared the ability of this customized model to that of our own population-based model to predict a neonatal PI <10th percentile. Data from a large database were used (32,854 live newborns, from 1993 through 2012). Only singleton pregnancies with a gestational age at delivery of 32-42 weeks were included. Results: In the entire pregnant population, the customized method was superior to the population-based method for detecting newborns with a PI <10th percentile (sensitivity: 55 vs. 40.96%; specificity: 99.6 vs. 91.23%; positive predictive value: 11.49 vs. 9.55%, and negative predictive value: 98.84 vs. 98.55%, respectively). In pregnant women with a BMI >90th percentile, the sensitivity was 75%, compared to 50% in the population-based method. In pregnant women with a height >90th percentile, the sensitivity was almost as high as in the population-based method (61.53 vs. 33.33%). Conclusion: The customized birth weight curve is superior to the population-based method for the detection of newborns with a PI <10th percentile. This is especially the case in women in the higher scales of height and weight as well as in preterm babies.
The relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis remains unclear, and further studies considering fragility fracture as a real marker of osteoporosis are warranted to clarify the exact role and effect of one condition on the other and the corresponding clinical implications.
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