Stroke is a major public health problem, with high mortality rates, and a high frequency of disability. Between 1990 and 2010, stroke increased from the fifth to the third leading cause of disability. In addition, its incidence has increased among younger people, with severe health consequences and increased social costs. There is evidence that physical exercise promotes neuroprotective effects when used as a therapeutic treatment. However, the mechanisms of neuroprotection are not yet well known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression profile of microRNAs miR-16, miR-21 and miR-155 and the CASPASE-3 and Bcl-2 genes previously related to apoptosis in the tissue (ischemic focus). Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control group, ischemia group, ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 19 (4): gmr18594 L.B. Porsani et al. 2 exercise group and exercise + ischemia group. Before the ischemic procedure, the animals in the exercise and exercise + ischemia groups were submitted to a treadmill training protocol for four weeks. The training lasted 30 min a day at a speed of 18 m / min. For real-time PCR analysis, a fragment of the ischemic area was collected from each animal using a punch to analyze the expression of miRNAs; miR16, miR-21, miR-155, CASPASE-3 and Bcl-2 genes. In the animals that had physical exercise, there appeared to be a neuroprotective effect by the action of microRNAs and CASPASE-3, although no significant difference was observed. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of apoptosis mechanisms in cerebral ischemia associated with physical exercise, as well as the role of microRNAs in the modulation of targets associated with this mechanism.

Stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. The great impact on the quality of life of the population and on the health system justifies that we seek relevant alternatives to reduce the incidence and improve the treatment and recovery of patients affected by this disease. Physical exercise appears as an important tool in this scenario, being already pointed out as a possible therapeutic approach for the prevention of non-contagious chronic diseases. In this context, biomarkers such as miRNAs that respond to physical exercise and are directly related to several epigenetic mechanisms appear. Therefore, explaining the molecular mechanisms involved during physical exercise will lead to a better understanding of each stimulus and the dose to be used to better respond to each situation, thus being a promising approach for the evolution of prescription and control of training and processes recovery from various diseases, including stroke. Forty-eight Wistar rats were used, divided into four experimental groups: control group, ischemia group, physical exercise group and exercise + ischemia group. Real-time PCR methodology was used to analyze the expression of miRNAs: miR-126, miR-133b and miR-221. In our study we observed a significant difference in the expression of miR-221 between the control group and the others groups. However, microRNAs: miR-126 and miR-133b do not show significant differences in expression between groups.

The differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PA) are still a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of select plasma and tissue microRNAs (miRs‐21, ‐23a, ‐100, ‐107, ‐181c e ‐210) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of PDCA. Samples of plasma (PAp Group, n=13), pancreatic tumors (PAt Group, n=18) and peritumoral regions (PPT Group, n=9) were collected from patients during the surgical procedure. The control group consisted of samples collected from patients submitted to pancreatic surgery for trauma or from cadaveric organ donors (PC Group, n=7). Healthy volunteers donated blood for plasma collection (PCp Group, n=6). The relative abundance of six miRNAs was measured in all groups using real‐time PCR, and serum CA 19‐9 levels were determined in Groups PA and PC, with the difference being considered significant when p <0.05. In tissue samples, there was a difference in the expression of miRNA‐21 (p=0.005) and miRNA‐210 (p=0.008) across the PAt, PC and PPT groups; miRNA‐21 distinguished group PAt from PC and PPT and miRNA‐210 distinguished group PAt from PC. Serum CA 19‐9 showed 88% accuracy (ROC‐AUC 0.95; 0.84 – 1), 83% sensitivity, and 100% specificity at a cut‐off of 37 ng/dl. The PAp group showed overexpression of miR‐181c (95% CI1.67 – 17.68; p<0.00001) and miR‐210 (95% CI0.16 – 5,20; p=0.03) compared to the PCp group. The combination of tissue expression of miR‐21, ‐210 and serum CA 19‐9 showed 100% accuracy for the diagnosis of PA, and the accuracy of plasma miR‐181c (PAp × PCp) was also 100%. These findings suggest that the combination of tissue miRNAs and serum CA 19‐9 can improve accuracy, but plasma miRNA expression can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic test for PA, although further studies are necessary to validate these results as well as to evaluate the utility of miRNA expression as a biomarker related to survival and to the response to therapy in PA.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Com o final de uma etapa, devemos nos lembrar que tivemos uma base para iniciar. Agradeço à minha família, o apoio, carinho, incentivo e amor. A presença de vocês é fundamental para minha evolução.Agradeço à Kelly, sempre minha referência, principalmente por sua capacidade de desejar e buscar os objetivos. Amiga, companheira e esposa que sempre me estimulou e incentivou a seguir em frente e a evoluir. Te amo.Agradeço ao Professor Luís Fernando Tirapelli, meu orientador nesta jornada, por todo ensinamento, paciência e incentivo. Sua capacidade de ensinar é única.Agradeço à Professora Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli, pelo incentivo, receptividade, ensinamentos e oportunidades nesta jornada e de me possibilitar de trabalhar e aprender em um centro de excelência. Seus conselhos foram fundamentais nesta conquista e de grande importância para minha vida profissional e acadêmica. Agradeço a todos os colegas do Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Departamento de Cirúrgia e Anatomia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto -USP. Todos foram muito importantes neste ciclo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Agradeço em especial, Lucas Porsani, Fermino Neto, Múcio Assis e Paulo Novaes, que foram fundamentais na construção deste trabalho. Agradeço aos colegas de trabalho que me deram suporte neste período de aprendizado, colaborando para que fosse possível eu cumprir esta etapa. Neste período estive em mais de uma empresa e em diferentes equipes, com certeza todos colaboraram. Agradeço aos amigos Juca e Thiago, pela excelentes conversas, incentivo e companheirismo e Heitor e Kátia pela inspiração de seguir neste caminho. Agradecimento especial aos professores e funcionários da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto -USP. "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil ( CAPES ) -Código de Financiamento 001" RESUMO FIGUEIREDO, R.Z. Expressão dos microRNAs miR-126, miR-133b e miR-221 associados a apoptose em ratos submetidos a isquemia cerebral focal e ao exercício físico. 2021. 62f. Dissertação (Mestrado) -