ResumoAs cooperativas de catadores de resíduos sólidos são empreendimentos, que por serem organizadas e realizadas solidariamente por seus trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, de forma coletiva e autogestionária, fazem parte do que se denomina, no Brasil, de Economia Solidária. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar aspectos da relação entre as tecnologias existentes nestas cooperativas e os valores da economia solidária. Para isto foi estudado o estágio atual de desenvolvimento de uma cooperativa de catadores, situada no município de São Carlos/SP, considerando os seguintes aspectos: processo de coleta, triagem e comercialização; organização do trabalho; tecnologias utilizadas e desenvolvidas e os apoios e parcerias existentes. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a técnica observacional e de entrevistas. Como resultado foi observado que os cooperados se apropriaram das tecnologias existentes. Quanto aos aspectos da economia solidária, eles possuem a propriedade coletiva dos meios de produção e fazem a gestão da cooperativa; não há divisão técnica do trabalho: todos os sócios aprendem e são capazes de exercer as diferentes atividades dentro da cooperativa; e os conhecimentos necessários para o desenvolvimento das atividades são transmitidos entre os cooperados.Palavras-chave | Adequação sócio-técnica; catadores de resíduos; cooperativas; economia solidária; tecnologias sociais.Código JEL | J21; 032; P13. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY: A CASE STUDY IN COOPERATIVE OF WASTE PICKERS AbstractThe cooperatives of recyclable solid waste projects, which are organized and conducted jointly by their workers, in a self-managed and collectively way, are part of what is called in Brazil, Solidarity Economy. This study aims at identifying aspects of the relationship between the
Plastic has been present in our lives for the past century as an essential material for many commodity items. However, the same properties that make plastic convenient are also responsible for the current dramatic environmental pollution. As an alternative, most of the world has been working with technological innovations, and one of its strategies is the use of bioplastics. Despite being considered environmentally beneficial by some people, there are still developments and discussions that need to be made. This article aims to present a legislative review and discusses the difficulty in implementing policies related to the incentive of the bioplastics market, as well as presenting some state and municipal laws, already prohibiting single-use plastics in Brazil. These laws aim to encourage the substitution of these plastics for biodegradable ones. However, it still has gaps and a lack of clarification on how the banning of disposable plastics and their substitution will be beneficial since composting is still an incipient process in the country. It is also the purpose of this article to discuss the challenges in the context of the Circular Economy, as well as the potential solution based on the creation of public policies aimed at improving waste management, in addition to clearer legislation on alternatives to single-use plastics.
Esse artigo realiza um exame preliminar do campo da Sociologia da Ciência, a partir do estudo das principais correntes teóricas dessa área de conhecimento. A metodologia adotada é de cunho bibliográfico e as etapas constaram de: a) estudo das principais obras e autores de referência no campo da Sociologia da Ciência, enfatizando as abordagens filosóficas e sociológicas da ciência; b) a "nova Sociologia da Ciência", baseada na visão de que o conhecimento científico não é mais analisado como o produto de um processo cognitivo privilegiado, mas resultado de práticas sociais e, portanto, um objeto passível de análise pela Sociologia; c) os estudos sociais da ciência e da tecnologia e o movimento CTS na América Latina, como reação acadêmica, administrativa e social ante a "concepção herdada" da ciência. O artigo finaliza com sugestões de uma agenda de pesquisas sobre o campo da Sociologia da Ciência no país, baseada no estudo dos grupos e linhas de pesquisa e da produção científica da área.
Brazil is the fourth largest producer of plastic waste in the world. Among all the challenges the country had faced in the development of public policies for the banning of single-use plastics, the new coronavirus pandemic scenario determined the suspension of these laws indefinitely. In 2020, Brazil became the global epicenter of COVID-19. This scenario changed the habit and behavior of Brazilian consumers, who increased the consumption of plastics due to their importance in applications as protective material. The country also has social problems related to waste management that depend mainly on waste pickers. These workers need social visibility and protection not only to face the current health crisis but also to guarantee their income and survival. This work aims to discuss the increase in single-use plastics that are not intended for recycling and the respective environmental, economic, and social impacts for the country. We demonstrate the lack of data on waste management in Brazil and highlight the importance of the social inclusion of waste pickers for a circular economy. Especially after the change of scenario with the COVID-19 pandemic, the country must have adequate planning and improvements in waste management, recycling programs, and political intervention to raising awareness among the population and guaranteeing social rights for waste pickers.
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