The physical and chemical characterization of the solid-state properties of drugs and excipients is fundamental for planning new formulations and developing new strategies for the treatment of diseases. Techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are among the most commonly used techniques for these purposes. Penciclovir and lysine are individually used to treat the herpes virus. As such, the development of a formulation containing both drugs may have therapeutic potential. Solid-state characterization showed that both penciclovir and lysine were crystalline materials with melting points at 278.27 °C and 260.91 °C, respectively. Compatibility studies of penciclovir and lysine indicated a possible interaction between these substances, as evidenced by a single melting point at 253.10 °C. The compatibility of several excipients, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate, di-tert-butyl methyl phenol, liquid petrolatum, methylparaben, nonionic wax, paraffin, propylene glycol, and propylparaben, was evaluated in ternary (penciclovir-lysine-excipient) mixtures (1:1:1, w/w/w) to determine the optimal formulation. The developed formulation was stable under accelerated and ambient conditions, which demonstrated that the interaction between penciclovir and lysine was suitable for the development of a formulation containing both drugs.

Dapagliflozin was the first of its class (inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter) to be approved in Europe, USA, and Brazil. As the drug was recently approved, there is the need for research on analytical methods, including dissolution studies for the quality evaluation and assurance of tablets. The dissolution methodology was developed with apparatus II (paddle) in 900 mL of medium (simulated gastric fluid, pH 1.2), temperature set at 37 ± 0.5°C, and stirring speed of 50 rpm. For the quantification, a spectrophotometric (λ = 224 nm) method was developed and validated. In validation studies, the method proved to be specific and linear in the range from 0.5 to 15 μg·mL−1 (r2 = 0.998). The precision showed results with RSD values lower than 2%. The recovery of 80.72, 98.47, and 119.41% proved the accuracy of the method. Through a systematic approach by applying Factorial 23, the robustness of the method was confirmed (p > 0.05). The studies of commercial tablets containing 5 or 10 mg demonstrated that they could be considered similar through f1, f2, and dissolution efficiency analyses. Also, the developed method can be used for the quality evaluation of dapagliflozin tablets and can be considered as a scientific basis for future official pharmacopoeial methods.

Com a globalização e a mudança de cenário gerada pelo avanço tecnológico, novas maneiras de efetivar o conhecimento passaram a fazer parte da realidade dos alunos. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o aplicativo Graphogame como uma possibilidade de exploração de jogos na sala de aula nas séries iniciais. No que diz respeito a metodologia, se trata de um levantamento bibliográfico qualitativo com abordagem descritiva, buscando apresentar por meio de pesquisas, documentos oficiais e artigos recentes a relevância do Graphogame como recuso facilitador no processo de alfabetização a partir da sua descrição. Os resultados apontaram para efetividade da utilização do aplicativo no processo de alfabetização e letramento, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta bastante eficaz no âmbito educacional, tanto para alunos quando para docentes. O Graphogame se mostrou de grande utilidade, levando em consideração os seus aspectos pedagógicos e o estabelecimento de diálogo com a realidade em que o aluno vive.

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