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The aim of the article was to identify the key factors influencing the increase in the risk of bankruptcy of companies from wholesale food industry in Poland. In addition, the research aimed to identifying the most effective method of forecasting the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises in the examined industry in the context of risk management in banks. The research showed that three key indicators determining the financial situation of the enterprise were the key for the analyzed industry: ratio of own equity and the revenue from sale; difference between the quick liquidity indicator for the industry and for the company and dynamics of company's short term liabilities. These variables point to the areas of activity of companies from wholesale food industry, to which banks should pay special attention during the credit risk assessment process.

This study endeavours to determine Poland's cooperative banking sector's effectiveness based on the board of directors' president's gender. The examination indicated that in the case of Polish co-op banks, women fulfilled the function of bank president in smaller banks than did men. The volume of clients, members, general assets and equity in banks managed by men were generally more than double than the same values in banks managed by women. However, the effectiveness of the examined co-op banks managed by women was decidedly better with regard to RoA, RoE, net profits, cost/income ratio and non-performing loans indicator, than those banks under male management. in addition, by applying advanced statistical modelling, confirmed was that the gender of a co-op bank board of directors' president had significant influence on the bank's effectiveness and when that position was held by a woman, this circumstance had a positive effect on the bank's condition.

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The subject of this research was the financial efficiency of large food industry enterprises in Poland, and its aim was to determine the strength and direction of the impact of key macroeconomic factors on the level of financial efficiency of those enterprises.Materials and methods: Data from the Central Statistical Office, the results of own research as well as literature on the problem were used. The research period covered the years 2005-2018. Dynamic panel models were applied in the study.Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed, inter alia, that the explanatory variable responsible for the increase in financial efficiency in the food industry was primarily the consumption dynamics in the preceding year. Its growth by 1 pp. ceteris paribus was related to an increase in the EBITDA margin of food industry enterprises by over 0.23 pp on average.Conclusions: The main conclusion concerned the statement that the rise in the inflation rate had a negative impact on the financial efficiency of food industry enterprises, while the increase in GDP, consumption and accumulation had a positive effect.

This research concentrated on the socio-financial qualities of Poland’s co-op banking. The study’s results enabled answering the question of whether the cooperative banks (co-op banks) are exclusively focused on maximum financial effectiveness or faithful to the idea of cooperation, which basically means supporting its membership and community development. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of internal factors on initiated support to the community within the framework defining the activities pertaining to a business’s social responsibility, as seen for Poland’s co-op banks. A seven-year study period was adopted, i.e., 2011–2017, inclusive. The research indicated that the co-op banks decide about a sum of contributions for community initiatives based on their current condition—according to current profits, current credits volume, total accounts number and considering financial security as expressed by the level of the solvency coefficient of the previous year.