In recent years subordinated processes have been widely considered in the literature. These processes not only have wide applications but also have interesting theoretical properties. In this paper we consider fractional Brownian motion (FBM) time-changed by two processes, tempered stable and inverse tempered stable. We present main properties of the subordinated FBM such as long range dependence and associated fractional partial differential equations for the probability density functions. Moreover, we present how to simulate both subordinated processes.

Abstract. Many real time-series exhibit behavior adequate to long range dependent data. Additionally very often these time-series have constant time periods and also have characteristics similar to Gaussian processes although they are not Gaussian. Therefore there is need to consider new classes of systems to model these kind of empirical behavior. Motivated by this fact in this paper we analyze two processes which exhibit long range dependence property and have additional interesting characteristics which may be observed in real phenomena. Both of them are constructed as the superposition of fractional Brownian motion (FBM) and other process. In the first case the internal process, which plays role of the time, is the gamma process while in the second case the internal process is its inverse. We present in detail their main properties paying main attention to the long range dependence property. Moreover, we show how to simulate these processes and estimate their parameters. We propose to use a novel method based on rescaled modified cumulative distribution function for estimation of parameters of the second considered process. This method is very useful in description of rounded data, like waiting times of subordinated processes delayed by inverse subordinators. By using the Monte Carlo method we show the effectiveness of proposed estimation procedures.Keywors: subordination, gamma process, inverse gamma process, simulation, estimation

In this paper we study the fractional Brownian motion (FBM) time changed by the inverse Gaussian (IG) process and its inverse, called the inverse to the inverse Gaussian (IIG) process. Some properties of the time-changed processes are similar to those of the classical FBM, such as long-range dependence. However, one can also observe different characteristics that are not satisfied by the FBM. We study the distributional properties of both subordinators, namely, IG and IIG processes, and also that of the FBM time changed by these subordinators. We establish also the connections between the subordinated processes considered and the continuous-time random-walk model. For the application part, we introduce the simulation procedures for both processes and discuss the estimation schemes for their parameters. The effectiveness of these methods is checked for simulated trajectories.