The aim of this study was to determine the content of phosphorus and nitrogen in the bottom sediments of the Poraj Reservoir located on the Warta River, along with defining their spatial distribution and the relationship between these elements and organic matter, aluminum and iron. Samples of bottom sediments were collected on the basis of regular measurement grid of 46 points located in the area of the water reservoir Poraj. The collected samples were analyzed in terms of content of following elements, which values are in range: total phosphorus (TP) 0.06 -5.06 g/kg, total nitrogen (TN) 0.17 -9.66 g/kg, organic matter (OM) 0.49 -28.41% of solid content, aluminum (Al) 2.44 -145.15 g/kg and iron (Fe) 0.28 -16.50 g/kg. By using of GIS system, spatial distribution of obtained results of laboratory analyzes were interpolated (Inverse Distance Weighted method was used). On basis of spatial distribution it was noted that in northern part of water reservoir bottom sediments have greater values of TP, TN and OM than in southern part. The study also included calculation of correlation between: OM and TN (n=46, R 2 = 0.9335), TN and Fe (n=46, R 2 = 0.8782), TN and Al (n=46, R 2 = 0.8629), OM and Fe (n=46, R 2 = 0.8243), OM and Al (n=46, R 2 = 0.7981), TP and Fe (n=46, R 2 = 0.7456), TP and Al (n=46, R 2 = 0.6209). The presented pilot studies show that the potential content of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter in the sediments of the water reservoir Poraj can reach a significant level. The need to plan and carry out further research allowing the evaluation of the properties of the analyzed elements and examining their potential impact on water quality in the tested water reservoir was stated.

GIS with the geostatistics are more frequently-used technique in environmental studies. Providing spatial information creates a possibility to place the results in space. Spatial information significantly affects the credibility and quality of research projects. It can be useful in determining certain relationships between monitoring and reclamation of degraded areas and to minimize and evaluate the costs related to environmental pollution. On the basis of practical and scientific examples, potential methods of applications of GIS and geostatistical methods in the study of water and soil environment was presented.

The specific of water management in the urbanized ares (regulation of watercourses, discharges of municipal and industrial effluents etc.) have resulted in the transformation of the natural drainage system of the basin of Kłodnica, in which Dzierżno Duże water reservoir is located. The main goal of this study was to designate the content of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, and relations between these elements and organic matter, level of depth, aluminum and iron in the bottom sediments of the Dzierżno Duże water reservoir. Bottom sediments samplings consisted of grid measurement network planning, on which bottom sediments samples were collected. The collected samples were analyzed in laboratory in terms of content of chosen elements. Values of these elements are in range: total phosphorus 0.08÷6.02 g/kg, total nitrogen 0.15÷9.03 g/kg, organic matter 0.20÷50.90% of solid content, aluminum 0.48÷39.32 g/kg and iron 0.82÷25.42 g/kg. To improve quality of performed analysis, by using Geographic Information System the spatial distributions (the Inverse Distance Method was used) of studied elements were generated. Generated spatial distributions enabled to determine sites with highest and lowest values. Bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże water reservoir have greater values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matter in central regions than in coastal zone. The study also included calculation of correlation between: organic matter and total nitrogen (R 2 = 0.6), total nitrogen and Fe (R 2 = 0.44), total nitrogen and Al (R 2 = 0.5), organic matter and Fe (R 2 = 0.39), organic matter and Al (R 2 = 0.55), total phosphorus and Fe (R 2 = 0.57), total phosphorus and Al (R 2 = 0.56). The presented pilot studies may provide a basis for identifying harmful human activities and planning methods of counters measures. Dzierżno Duże water reservoir, among other functions, is a spot (mainly for local residents), therefore it should be monitored constantly.Keywords: bottom sediments, spatial distribution, biogenic substances Wprowadzenie Głównymi pierwiastkami biogennymi, które w znacznej mierze przyczyniają się do zwiększenia żyzności zbiorników wodnych i szybkiego postępu eutrofizacji, są azot i fosfor. Wspomniane substancje biogenne stanowią podstawę prawidłowego egzystowania flory i fauny, jednak ich nadmierna ilość w środowisku wodnym

Streszczenie: Zagadnienia ochrony środowiska stanowią jeden z najbardziej aktualnych obszarów interdyscyplinarnych prac naukowych, łącząc w sobie zarówno wiedzę i praktykę dziedzin nauk przyrodniczych, jak i nauk społecznych, w tym nauk o zarządzaniu. Jednym z najbardziej klasycznych przykładów interdyscyplinarności wiedzy jest obszar rozwijających się studiów w zakresie gospodarki przestrzennej. Wielowymiarowość zjawisk przestrzennych związanych zarówno ze zmianami klima

The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distributions of total trace elements content in the bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże water reservoir, along with the comparison of the accuracy and characteristics of Kriging and IDW interpolations. On the basis of regular measurement grid consisting of 53 points, bottom sediments samples were collected. Mean values of total trace elements content in bottom sediments of Dzierżno Duże were as follows: Zn -410 mg/kg, Pb -57 mg/kg, Cr -36 mg/kg, Cu -40 mg/kg, Cd -5 mg/kg, Ni -16 mg/kg and Ba -267 mg/kg. According to the geochemical quality classification, the concentrations of Cd in 32% of samples were assigned to class IV (heavily contaminated), 45% to class III (contaminated), Zn in 42% samples to class III with 1 sample in class IV and 26% to class II (slightly contaminated), Pb in 9% to class III and 58% to class II, Cu in 4% to class III and 68% to class II, Cr in 17% to class II, Ni in 55% to class II, Ba in 8% to class III and 61% in class II. Coefficient of determination was determined between each case of trace elements content. The highest correlation (R 2 in range from 0.81 to 0.96) was observed between Zn and Pb, Zn and Cu, Zn and Cr, Zn and Ni, Pb and Cu, Pb and Cr, Cu and Cr, Cr and Ni. Significant correlation (R 2 in range from 0.70 to 0.80) occurred between: Zn and Cd, Pb and Ni, Cu and Ni, Cd and Ni. The lowest correlations (R 2 in range from 0.25 to 0.70) were observed between concentration of Ba and the rest of trace elements. Two different interpolation methods were chosen for the purpose of generating spatial distributions -Inverse Distance Weighted and Ordinary Kriging. These methods were chosen for purpose of obtaining optimal accuracy result of spatial distributions. The distributions of trace elements content were classified by means of geochemical criteria. In the case of accuracy comparison between IDW and Ordinary Kriging, the former had slightly better results in terms of mean value and root mean square. The generated spatial distributions allowed to determine the most contaminated areas, which were mainly northerncentral and southern-central parts of water Dzierżno Duże reservoir.