Abstrak. This study aims to analyze students' mathematical connections in terms of their initial ability to material opportunities. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method with the design of this research is the Two Group Pretest-posttest. The population of this study was all students of semester VI Physics Tadris UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, totaling 42 people. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling with research instruments in the form of test descriptions. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test test. From the calculation results, the value - ttable ≤ tcount ≤ + ttable is -2.02 ≤ 7.84 ≥ + 2.02, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted at the significance level α = 0.05. So it can be stated that there are differences in student learning outcomes with high initial mathematical abilities compared to low initial mathematical abilities. The results of the research correlation test (test phi (Φ)), where the calculation results obtained rtabel value ≤ rcount, namely 0.305 ≤ 0.873 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted at the significance level α = 0.05. So that it can be revealed that the initial mathematical ability has a significant effect on student learning outcomes on probability.   Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis koneksi matematis mahasiswa dilihat dari kemampuan awal terhadap terhadap materi peluang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode quasi experimental dengan desain penelitian ini adalah the Two Group Pretest-posttest. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester VI Tadris Fisika UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi yang berjumlah 42 Orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh dengan Instrumen penelitian berupa tes uraian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ttest. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai -ttabel ≤ thitung ≤  + ttabel   yaitu -2,02 ≤  7,84 ≥ + 2,02, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa kemampuan awal matematik tinggi dibanding dengan keamampuan awal matematik rendah. Hasil penelitian dilanjutkan uji koreslasi (Uji phi (Φ)), dimana dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai rtabel ≤ rhitung yaitu 0,305 ≤ 0,873 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan awal matematik memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasi belajar mahasiswa pada materi probabilitas.

Critical thinking ability is one of the competencies that must be possessed by students. Critical thinking is an intellectual skill of one character that has become an issue in education in facing industrial revolution 4.0. This study aims at describing the development of students' critical thinking ability in learning Civic Education. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative approach. The results show that the development of critical thinking ability through Civic Education learning in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 brings better results on students' critical thinking. This shows that it has developed on the aspects of knowledge, political, law, moral values, education characters, and citizenship identity so that as young citizens have earned a result in developing a critical thinking ability. This study is expected to be able to describe critical thinking, civic education learning and industrial revolution 4.0.

The research aims to foster a sense of civic responsibility through servicelearning based Civic Education. The research uses qualitative methods with descriptiveanalytical approaches that track a variety of actual references to civic engagement in society. The results showed that civic involvement in society can foster a sense of responsibility for citizens. From the analysis conducted, civil and community collaboration in making policies can build learning services through the project citizen model. There are several positive things, namely: (1) students enjoy the implementation of practical activities;(2) Students have the opportunity to study a variety of issues; (3) Students can understand how to position themselves in seeing others; (4) Students experience the conditions to deal with obstacles to various ways of solving problems, and (5) students can learn the culture of the communities they serve.

This study is to explore the concept of building an independent spirit of citizens according to Ki Ageng Suryomentaram through the book written by his pupil. The study used a qualitative philosophical approach with a factual historical design by implementing philosophical investigation following Ki Ageng Suryomentaram's ways and line of thought provided in the book entitled Ki Ageng Suryomentaram through interpretation, induction and deduction, internal coherence, holistic, idealization, comparison, heuristic, inclusion or analogical language, description, specific method and researchers' reflection. The result is the idea of an independent soul of citizen according to Ki Ageng Suryomentaram is when the citizens' thoughts, words, and deeds are based on the feeling of being free from the colonization, which is the essence of an independent soul. An independent soul is the basis and purpose of a just and civilized nation. Thus, this study can be used as a reference in the implementation of civic education in the content of love towards the nation. Moreover, the excavation of philosophical values contained in the teachings of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram can strengthen the values contained in the ideology of Pancasila.