Background: Musca domestica is the most common flies all over the world. More than 100 pathogens may cause diseases in human and animals. Houseflies transmitted helminthic eggs, protozoa cysts and trophozoites, bacteria fungi, and virus by mechanical transmission through its vomits or excreta. Musca domestica lives closely with humans and domestic animals, and often found in areas of human activities such as restaurants, hospitals, food centers, food markets, fish markets, and slaughterhouses. Material and methods: Fly samples were collected from human houses, poultry farms and cattle byres placed on the bottom of a wide-mouthed sterile glass and covered with sterile sheets of gauze on which the attracted flies were trapped. Isolation parasites from external surface and digestive tract of fly, also, bacterial, fungi, and virus were identified using morphological and biological characteristics. Results: Houseflies transmitted many of helminthic eggs as E. vermicularis, S. stercoralis, T. trichiura and T. caracanis, Trichomonas, Diphyllobothriam, hymenolepis, taenia and Dipylidium species, and protozoa cysts and trophozoites as E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and some bacteria as E. coli, Shigella species and Salmonella. In addition to viral, fungal are also isolated. Control methods are used for suppression of housefly population. These methods included cultural, biological, and chemical. Conclusion: The common housefly is a mechanical vector of transmission of pathogens including parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The combination of different methods for control and prevention or eradication of houseflies should be implemented to stop human or animal diseases. In high-risk areas health education, proper environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene are strongly advocated.
