Our study uncovered areas of defects in knowledge among PCP regarding DR. This needs to be addressed in future seminars and workshops with an emphasis on the proper ophthalmological screening and management of diabetic patients.

Background Few challenges are faced with the introduction of anti-VEGF agents as a modality of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. The clinical behavior and time course of regression post injection differ compared to post laser ablation. This study aims to evaluate the long-term peripheral retinal vascularization outcome of Ranibizumab intravitreal injections monotherapy in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Method Hospital-based quasi-experimental study. Include ROP patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), as primary treatment for type 1 ROP. Patients were examined under general anaesthesia to ensure documentation of all junctions of vascular and avascular zones. Images were taken by RetCam III, Phoenix ICON and fluorescein angiography was performed to describe vascular behaviors. Results The mean gestational age was 24.67 weeks and the mean postmenstrual age at the time of intravitreal ranibizumab treatment was 36.3 weeks. Fluorescein angiography was performed at 155–288 weeks; most eyes showed two disk diameters of avascular peripheral retina. Only eyes with original aggressive ROP who required a second injection (six eyes) showed extensive peripheral avascular retina reaching zone I (13.64%). Neovascularization was evident in five eyes (11.36%), all with an original aggressive ROP and received multiple injections. Conclusions Ranibizumab treated babies with incomplete retinal vascularization require close and long-term follow-up visits to assess post injection vascular behavior. Peripheral retinal avascular zone of more than two-disc diameters was present in most of the patients evidenced by fluorescein angiography. Babies with initial diagnosis of aggressive ROP are more likely to have persistent peripheral neovascularization.

PurposeTo describe the clinical presentation, management, and histopathological results of a congenital eccrine hidrocystoma.ObservationsA 4-year-old healthy boy presented with left upper eyelid ptosis and superonasal painless mass since birth. Computed tomography showed a hypodense cystic lesion located in the extraconal orbital compartment medially. Following complete excision, histopathology revealed an eccrine hidrocystoma.Conclusions and ImportanceOrbital eccrine hidrocystomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic masses in the pediatric age group.

Purpose To report a case of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) keratitis in a patient who underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus. Observations A 19-year-old female underwent CXL for keratoconus in her left eye. The patient neglected her post-procedure medications and missed the follow-up visit. Subsequently, she presented on day-10 post CXL with redness and pain in the treated eye. Clinical examination revealed a ring-shape infiltrate measuring 7.8 mm in diameter. Culture indicated the presence of E. cloacae. Treatment with gentamicin failed after the emergence of resistance. The patient was successfully treated with amikacin and moxifloxacin over several weeks. Conclusions Judicious antibiotic selection is crucial to limit the emergence of resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. All patients need to be educated about their role in the management plan.