This study aims to contribute to the existing business strategy and the environment literature by exploring how biodiversity disclosure affects the financial performance of firms. The study employs the content analysis of a sample of 100 Fortune Global companies for 3 years, after developing a comprehensive index to measure the quality of disclosure. Then normality, correlation, and multiple linear regression model and its estimation using ordinary least squares are performed to measure the impact of biodiversity disclosure on the financial performance of companies. In addition, the Hausman test is used to check the robustness of the study. The study results reveal a relationship between biodiversity disclosure and financial performance measured by return on assets and a stock’s price-to-book ratio. Biodiversity disclosure has a positive relationship with return on assets at a significance level below 5%. While biodiversity disclosure has a positive relationship with stock price/ book value per share, they are not statistically significant at a significance level of 5%. The sample represents only a small proportion of a larger population. The study only investigated Global 100 firms with different sectors and countries for 3 years. This study provides an opportunity to learn about the effect of the disclosure of practices associated with managing biodiversity and extinction risks through preparing a quality index of biodiversity and extinction disclosure and examining the relationship between biodiversity disclosure and the financial performance of firms by the prepared index. This study can be considered a contribution to the flow of accounting research about biodiversity and extinction. A few studies examine the effect of biodiversity disclosure. The study is among the first to examine how biodiversity disclosure affects the financial performance of firms. The results of this study inform firms and the academic literature about the economic consequences of biodiversity disclosure where biodiversity disclosure has a positive effect on firms' financial performance. The study evidence appears to be robust there is no endogeneity problem.

This study aims to contribute to the existing business strategy literature by exploring how brand-building activities contribute to the firm's value by analyzing the direct and indirect effect of investment in the brand value chain on brand resonance, profitability, and market value. This study is based on a random sample of 237 Certified European Financial Analysts and a questionnaire was employed. Harman’s single-factor test was conducted to define the presence of common method bias. Hayes Process Macro Model 5 was used to check the multiple mediation processes and indirect effects between the study's variables. The study employs the financial statements of Amazon.com, Inc. from 2010 to 2021 which has been analyzed under the standard multiple regression model. The study results reveal that Harman’s single-factor test extracts 10.397% of the total variance. On the other hand, there are significant positive relationships between the effect of investment in the brand value chain on brand resonance, profitability, and market value. The empirical evidence of this study provides an opportunity to learn about the effect of the investment in the brand value chain leads to increase brand equity which builds up in the customers' mindset and then transforms to market performance and profitability. The findings of this study can be a useful reference for future studies in academic research related to strategic thinking to maximize profitability and market value through the brand value chain.

Purpose -This study aims to examine the effect of virtual manufacturing (VM) on improving manufacturing efficiency to achieve sustainable business practices through focusing on cost reduction, the prediction of needed resources in the implementation processes, and mitigating Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) risks in the industry 4.0 environment. Design/methodology/approach -This study uses the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to examine the effect of VM on improving manufacturing efficiency to achieve sustainable business practices. The study relied on a sample of 25 automotive industry companies. There are several criteria used to assess the effect of VM on managing the costs of production and reducing EHS risks in industry 4.0.

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