The study was designed to evaluate the medical relevance of Malondialdehyde (MDA) (a marker of oxidative stress) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) groups, cured groups, and control groups; before and after taking the vaccine. Blood samples were taken from Oncology Unit in Al-Mahaweel hospital in Hilla city. Sixteen patients, sixteen cured patients, thirty control, sixteen subjects were taken one dose of Pfizer vaccine, sixteen subjects were taken two doses of Pfizer vaccine. We found that significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA, was demonstrated in the serum of COVID-19 patients and TAC decreased in patients when compared with the control groups. Inversely, we found the mean MDA levels decrease and increase in TAC levels in cured patients when compare with COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is found that subjects were taken one dose or two doses of the Pfizer vaccine have less MDA levels and more TAC levels than the COVID-19 vaccine for that reason the Pfizer vaccines play the important role in the activity of immune systems.