An efficient arylation of carboxylic acids with diaryliodonium salts has been developed, giving aryl esters in high yields within short reaction times for both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. The transition-metal-free conditions are compatible with a range of functional groups, and good chemoselectivity is observed with unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts. Furthermore, steric hindrance in the ortho positions is well tolerated both in the carboxylic acid and in the diaryliodonium salt, yielding aryl esters that cannot be obtained via other esterification protocols.

Abstract-Analysis of U-slot loaded patch stacked with H-shaped parasitic elements is given in this paper. It is found that the antenna exhibits dual resonance and both the resonance frequency (upper and lower) depends directly on slot width and inversely on slot length. Both upper and lower resonance frequency increase with increasing the value of h 2 . Typically the bandwidth at lower and upper resonance is found 3.66% and 10.25% respectively. The radiated power at higher frequency (beamwidth 64 • ) is 0.73 dB as compared to lower resonance frequency (beamwidth 71 • ). The theoretical results are compared with the simulated data obtained from IE3D.

ObjectiveSince antiquity bitter melon has been in use for treating diabetes but clinical trials show conflicting results about its usefulness. The present study aims to asses and compare the hypoglycemic and antiatherogenic effects as well as the safety of two different doses of bitter melon with glibenclamide.MethodsA total of 95 participants were randomized into 3 groups; group I and group II received bitter melon (2 g/day and 4 g/day respectively) and group III received glibenclamide (5 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Glycemic control and antiatherogenic effects were determined by assessing glycohemoglobin (HbA1-c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), plasma sialic acid (PSA), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood lipids and atherogenic index at different time periods.ResultsCompared to baseline, mean reduction in HbA1-c at the endpoint was significant among patients of group I, group II and group III (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.02 and p < 0.005 respectively) and same was the case for FPG (p ≤ 0.05, p < 0.04, p < 0.003 respectively), but the improvement in 2 hour OGTT was significant only in group III (p < 0.03). The decrease in PSA was observed only among group I and group II with the later showing significant reduction from baseline (p < 0.01). In group III, the level slightly increased. Parameters including blood lipids, atherogenic index, body weight and SBP improved among patients of group I and group II but deteriorated among group III patients.ConclusionsOur study concludes that bitter melon has a weaker hypoglycemic effect but ameliorates the diabetes associated cardiovascular (CV) risk factors more effectively than glibenclamide.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with Naseer Teaching Hospital Clinical Trials Registry number GU2014492233.

Background Epidemiologic research suggests that increased cancer risk due to chronic arsenic exposure persists for several decades even after the exposure has terminated. Observational studies suggest antioxidants exert a protective effect on arsenical skin lesions and cancers among those chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water. This study reports on the design, methods, and baseline analyses from the Bangladesh Vitamin E and Selenium Trial (BEST), a population based chemoprevention study conducted among adults in Bangladesh with visible arsenic toxicity. Materials and methods BEST is a 2×2 full factorial double-blind randomized controlled trial of 7,000 adults having manifest arsenical skin lesions evaluating the efficacy of 6-year supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (100 mg daily) and L-selenomethionine (200 μg daily) for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer. Results In cross-sectional analyses, we observed significant associations of skin lesion severity with male sex (female prevalence odds ratio (POR)=0.87; 95% CI=0.79–0.96), older age (aged 36–45 POR=1.27; 95% CI=1.13–1.42; aged 46–55 POR=1.44; 95% CI=1.27–1.64; and aged 56–65 POR=1.50; 95% CI=1.26–1.78 compared to aged 25–35), hypertension (POR=1.29; 95% CI=1.08–1.55), diabetes (POR=2.13; 95% CI=1.32–3.46), asthma (POR=1.55; 95% CI=1.03–2.32), and peptic ulcer disease (POR=1.20; 95% CI=1.07–1.35). Conclusions We report novel associations between arsenical skin lesions with several common chronic diseases. With the rapidly increasing burden of preventable cancers in developing countries, efficient and feasible chemoprevention study designs and approaches, such as employed in BEST, may prove both timely and potentially beneficial in conceiving cancer chemoprevention trials in Bangladesh and beyond.

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