This paper aims to identify and evaluate fundraising strategies implemented by various types of zakah institutions in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative research approach through semi-structured interviews with zakah organizations in Indonesia. The main finding suggests some differences in the fundraising strategies. Corporate and government zakah agencies tend to use traditional fundraising strategies, with a partnership approach for collecting zakah and a community-oriented approach for communicating zakah. In contrast, private zakah agencies tend to use market-oriented fundraising strategies allied with retail collection approach and an individual communication approach.

Despite the rapid development of Islamic financial sectors in Indonesia, development of Islamic pension fund is way behind those of the other Islamic financial sectors. This study, hence, aimed to explore opportunities and challenges faced of the Indonesia Islamic pension fund. Utilizing qualitative research methods, the study conducted FGDs with 23 large pension funds spread in five big cities of Indonesia. It is revealed that opportunities and prospects for developing the Islamic fund is relatively good. However, various internal and external challenges are found, such as lack of knowledge, weak commitment of founder, lack of quality human resources, relatively unfavorable tax treatment, limited investment instruments, competition with government pension scheme and public literacy problems.  Therefore, two broad strategies are recommended to develop the Islamic funds, namely provision of direct/indirect incentives to market players and literacy programs to targeted/priority groups. The strategies are expected to encourage and accelerate the growth of Indonesia's Islamic pension fund industry in the future.

Purpose The increasing number of papers on zakah shows that it has become an important research topic. However, few studies attempt to analyze the evolution of zakah studies which might be helpful as guidance for policymakers in creating zakah management systems and policies, for zakah management organizations administering zakah funds, for future research on related subjects and for academic actors to construct a zakah study curriculum. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the evolution of zakah theme publications from 1964 to 2021. Design/methodology/approach This study uses bibliometric analysis to analyze the evolution of zakah research. This study compared all Scopus-indexed journal papers to Zakah publications regarding research flow, themes, abstracts and titles. The relationships between researchers, the titles of the papers and keywords associated with “zakah” are analyzed in these publications published between 1964 and 2021. A total of 632 scientific contributions were discovered using RStudio and VOSviewer to analyze the bibliometric metadata. Findings Based on the results, the theme of zakah has evolved from 1964 to 2021. The author emphasizes the zakah publication theme. Each affiliation and country have its conditions, management method, data sources and characteristics. The theme “zakah institutions and zakah collecting” grew in popularity between 2010 and 2021 and is projected to grow in the following years. Malaysia, Indonesia and Pakistan can be used as zakah development research models. In spans of zakah publications, the author with the most global citations is Wahab N.A., and the author with the most productive is Saad Raj. Research limitations/implications Zakah publications are analyzed using the Scopus database. This study applied only Scopus index data, excluding non-Scopus, and most studies conducted in non-English languages. This conclusion indicates the issue’s importance among academic researchers and practitioners, notably on the subject of zakah. Thus, a comprehensive picture of zakah theme publications assists researchers and zakah fund institutions in making assessments, focusing on the unstudied fraction of the zakah theme. Practical implications This research is planned to serve as a reference for future research, particularly examining the theme’s novelty. It is intended to have implications for policymakers, particularly zakah institutions, regarding funding the several zakah research issues and concentrations. Social implications This research can guide future researchers and is expected to include parameters such as author, year and data source while analyzing zakah publications to generate new findings. Originality/value This is probably one of few comprehensive studies that examined the evolution of the zakah theme using the Scopus-indexed database. The relevance of this paper is to provide suggestions and projections for future zakah research. Scholars should examine zakah publications by author, year and data source to gain fresh insights. Search for data sources with high-impact factors and objective metrics, then clear out irrelevant documents to improve the analysis’ quality and findings.

This study evaluates the determinants and impacts of trust toward awqf institutions. We extend previous studies by examining the determining role of religiosity and knowledge on trust towards awqf institutions, in addition to the role of reputation and integrity. Our study differs from the previous studies as we incorporate the intergenerational analysis of 658 experienced and inexperienced Indonesian waqf donors by employing the PLS-SEM method. Our findings suggest that religiosity and knowledge significantly influence trust toward awqf institutions. However, the impact differs across generations X, Y, and Z. While the direct impacts of religiosity and knowledge on the intention to do cash waqf are insignificant for certain generations, the variables significantly impact the intention of all generations when moderated by the trust. Therefore, our primary implication is for awqf institutions to know their customers better and offer more trust-enhancing programs for the inexperienced younger generations.JEL Classification: Z12, L31How to Cite:Haidlir, B. M., Jatmiko, W., Azizon, A., Kasri, R. A., & Laksmono, B. A. (2023). Determinants and Impacts of Trust on Awqf Institutions: Intergenerational Evidence from Indonesia. Etikonomi, 22(1), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.26307.