Genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon on the national level may be beneficial for assessing patients and monitoring the therapeutic response to DOTS. This study aimed to characterize the spoligotypes of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis patients collected between April 2004 and October 2005 from all Lebanese provinces. Isolates (n = 60) were cultured and identified by their biochemical characteristics. DNA extracts of these samples were amplified by PCR and genotyped by spoligotyping. Thirteen (13) patterns of M. tuberculosis complex family strains were identified: 41.6% of the strains belonged to the T 1 family, 25.0% to LAM 9, 10.0% to Haarlem 3, 3.3% to each of CAS, LAM 8, BCG and Family 36 and 1.7% to each of Haarlem 1, LAM 10, S, M. africanum, X 1 and T 3 families. The noticeable absence of Beijing and East African Indian families was not consistent with the patterns reported in neighbouring countries. A more inclusive study of the Lebanese population is necessary to accurately identify most of the prevailing families in the country. Les isolats (n = 60) ont été mis en culture puis identifiés en fonction de leurs caractéristiques biochimiques. Les extraits d'ADN de ces échantillons ont été amplifiés par PCR puis génotypés par spoligotypage. Treize (13) souches différentes de la famille du complexe M. tuberculosis ont été identifiées : 41,6 % des souches appartenaient à la famille T 1 ; 25,0 % à la famille LAM 9 ; 10,0 % à la famille Haarlem 3 ; 3,3 % chacune aux familles CAS, LAM 8, BCG et à la famille 36 et 1,7 % chacune aux familles Haarlem 1, LAM 10, S, M. africanum, X 1 et T 3. L'absence remarquable des familles Beijing, indiennes et d'Afrique de l'Est ne coïncidait pas avec les tendances rapportées dans les pays voisins. Une étude plus globale de la population libanaise est nécessaire pour identifier avec précision la plupart des familles dominantes dans notre pays.
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